International Development Planning Review
International Development Planning Review is a peer-reviewed journal which provides an interdisciplinary platform for the critical study of development related practices, planning and policy in the global South. The journal publishes theoretically informed and empirically grounded papers, critical reviews, and viewpoints.
“THE PARTITION OF INDIA: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND THE LONG-TERM IMPACTS ON SOCIETY”
The Partition of India in 1947 was a transformative event that created two independent nations, India and Pakistan, and was marked by unprecedented communal violence, mass migrations, and profound societal changes. This paper explores the historical perspectives leading to the Partition, analyzing the political, social, and economic factors that shaped this momentous occasion. The findings indicate that the Partition resulted in the displacement of approximately 15 million people and the loss of an estimated two million lives due to communal violence. The long-term impacts of the Partition on society are multifaceted, influencing communal relations, identity formation, and socioeconomic conditions in both India and Pakistan. Contemporary relevance is found in the ongoing communal tensions, identity politics, and economic disparities within both nations, which can be traced back to the events of 1947. The narratives surrounding the Partition continue to frame national identities and impact political discourse, demonstrating the need for a reconciliatory approach that acknowledges shared histories. Understanding the legacy of the Partition is essential for addressing current societal challenges and fostering mutual understanding between communities. This exploration emphasizes the importance of historical memory in shaping contemporary politics and the necessity for dialogue and inclusion in the pursuit of social cohesion and stability in the region.
Partition of India, Historical perspectives, Communal violence, Migration, Societal impact, Indo-Pakistani relations
Copyright (c) 2017 International Development Planning Review
CENTRALISED MODELS TO DECENTRALIZED GOVERNANCE: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN INDIAN EDUCATION
Educational development planning in India has traditionally been an important instrument of socio-economic transformation ‘, equity promotion and nation-building. Since independence, India has depended on structured planning frameworks to expand access, improve quality and address systemic inequalities. This paradigm has gradually shifted from a centralised model under the Five-Year Plans of India to a more decentralized and participatory governance structure, strengthened by reforms such as the National Education Policy 2020. This paper critically analyses this transition through the theoretical lenses of Human Capital Theory, Capability Approach and decentralisation theory. It also uses recent empirical evidence and secondary data to evaluate the effectiveness of educational planning in India. Findings show that while decentralisation has improved local responsiveness and participation, persistent challenges such as inequitable financing, governance inefficiencies, and implementation gaps still impede outcomes (Tilak, 2018; Mehrotra, 2019; KPMG, 2020). The study suggests a hybrid planning model that integrates’ centralised strategic vision with decentralised implementation to realise sustainable and inclusive educational development.
Educational Planning, Decentralization, Governance in Education,Educational equity, Learning outcomes
Copyright (c) 2026 International Development Planning Review
HR EXCELLENCE IN GUJARAT: LINKING PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING, DECISION STYLES AND LIFELONG LEARNING
This research study explores the correlation between psychological wellbeing, decision-making styles and lifelong learning tendency among the HR professionals in Gujarat. Established indicators were adopted to gather data from 107 respondents in a quantitative, cross-sectional strategy. The results of regression and correlation tests indicated that lifelong learning tendency and decision-making styles have a significant strong correlation with psychological wellbeing. Further, decision-making style functioned as a partial intermediary between psychological wellbeing and lifelong learning tendency and remained a significant indicator of lifelong learning tendency. The findings appear to indicate that psychological wellbeing facilitates adaptive decision-making which affirms dedication of the HR professionals towards lifelong learning. This study presents empirical data from a regional Indian setting, underscoring the necessity of promoting emotional wellbeing and decision-making skills to inspire and qualify HR professionals for lifelong learning.
Psychological Wellbeing, Decision-making styles, Lifelong learning tendency, HR Professionals, Gujarat, Mediation, Reliability
ENHANCING PATIENT CARE RESULTS VIA NURSING AND LABORATORY COOPERATION
The precise functions of nursing and phlebotomy are explained in this essay, along with the significance of good communication between the two professions. Each topic is presented, however there will be some blurring because of how closely related they are to one another. Nursing includes providing independent and cooperative care for people of all ages, families, groups, and communities, whether they are ill or well, and in any situation. Assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, execution, and evaluation are all part of nursing. In the health and community sectors, registered and enrolled nurses and other staff members work in a wide range of private and public settings. The procedure of obtaining a blood sample for laboratory testing includes phlebotomy alone. Laboratory tests are also utilized for diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, and evaluation. From a simple one-page request form and a single patient treatment to complex care for a patient with a chronic illness requiring years of testing and therapies, this connection between nursing and the lab can take many different forms. Patients frequently move between community and hospital settings while receiving the same care in today's healthcare system. The nurse may find it challenging to make sure the tests are performed and to monitor the outcomes in certain situations. For high priority diagnostics with a limited treatment pathway, this is especially crucial. The urgent necessity to give a level 1 platelet transfusion to a patient who has a life-threatening hemorrhage or to confirm service for a patient who has just fasted for six hours while waiting for a blood sugar test are two examples that practically any nurse can relate to.
Bader khalaf Q Alruwaily*, Ahmed Abdullah. Al Jouan, Nadia Mubarak Alharthy, Mona Mutlaq K Almutairi, Ali Ibrahim Al Othman, Abdulaziz Ghanim Abdulaziz Alghani, Altuwayjiri, Ibrahim Saleh I
QUEST FOR SELF AND SEARCH FOR IDENTITY IN CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI’S SISTER OF MY HEART AND THE VINE OF DESIRE
A woman’s search for self-identity is closely connected to her religious, social, ethnic, and public environment. Her circumstances are often unpredictable and vary in different parts of world. This makes gender roles complex and challenging. While both men and women struggle with identity, women face additional difficulties in being recognized as individuals. As they explore their strengths and weaknesses, their journey becomes even more complicated. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s female characters come from different backgrounds, and her novels are set in both India and America. Her Indian women find themselves caught between these two countries, struggling with social changes that affect their sense of self. They face challenges in understanding who they are and where they belong. This article explores the identity crisis in Divakaruni’s novels “Sister of My Heart and The Vine of Desire”.
: quest for self, quest for identity, identity crisis, women’s identity, feminism.
EXPLORING SOCIAL HIERARCHY IN THE CANTERBURY TALES: A STUDY OF SELECTED CHARACTERS
The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387-1400) by Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the most sophisticated literary portrayals of medieval English society, providing an unmatched panoramic of social types by way of the popular literary convention of the pilgrimage. This paper conducts a close textual and social-literary reading of a number of characters from the General Prologue and the Tales themselves, exploring how Chaucer employs characterisation, irony, satire and narrative point of view to expose, entrench and destabilise the social hierarchy of fourteenth-century England. Through an analysis grounded in the Estates tradition, Bakhtinian carnival theory, and Marxist literary analysis, the paper concludes that Chaucer does not uncritically endorse or reject the tripartite structure of the Estates, but instead positions himself in an in-between critical position, highlighting tensions of late medieval social organisation. Five exemplars-the Knight, the Prioress, the Miller, the Wife of Bath, and the Pardoner-are considered here to exemplify the estates of nobility, clergy and commons, with attention being paid to issues of gender and transgressive subjectivity. The paper argues that Chaucer's social world is doubly understood as naturalised and inverted, allowing the text to be a double reflection and critique of the world it represents.
Canterbury Tales, Chaucer, social hierarchy, medieval estates, satire, Bakhtinian carnival, feminist criticism, representation, characterisation, literature.
ROLE OF WOMEN IN DIVAKARUNI’S ARRANGED MARRIAGE
The main aim of this paper is to explore the role of women in “Arranged Marriage”. With growing awareness about women’s subjugation and the impact of education, many literary works focus on themes such as social hierarchy, social values, dowry system, domestic violence, and women’s oppression. Several contemporary Indian writers like Anita Desai, Shashi Deshpande, and Manju Kapur, alongside Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, inspire readers to become courageous and independent women. Divakaruni’s characters stand out as they challenge societal norms and traditional beliefs. They navigate through different cultural values and belief systems, breaking away from male-dominated societies. These women are portrayed individuals who do not hesitate to seek freedom from the constraints of traditional roles. Through her novels, Divakaruni empowers women to rise above subjugation and embrace their individuality, promoting mental and physical liberation.
role, woman, marriage, societal, independence, patriarchy, identity
Copyright (c) 2025 International Development Planning Review
CHANGING SOCIAL ORDER IN THE CANTERBURY TALES: A STUDY OF THE GENERAL PROLOGUE
General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 13871400) is one of the most complex literary efforts in late medieval English literature to chart the discontinuities and metamorphoses of the fourteenth-century English society. Composed in the context of the Black Death, the Peasants Revolt of 1381, the Lollard religious reform movement, the rise of a mercantile class, the text inscribed in the gallery of portraits a methodical questioning of the three-estate model, those who pray, those who fight, and those who work. This essay discusses how Chaucer uses narrative voice, irony, characterisation by satire, and the pilgrimage frame to express, challenge and finally disrupt, the social hierarchy of late medieval England. Based on New Historicist, materialist, and Bakhtinian theories, the paper examines the characters of the Knight, the Prioress, the Merchant, the Plowman, the Wife of Bath and the Pardoner as characters whose depiction reveals the collapse of the ideology of the estates, the emergence of proto-capitalist individualism, and the mutability of gender and religious power. The thesis of the paper is that Chaucer is not only a mirror of social change but he is also a co-creator of this change in the discursive process of the Prologue via the polyphonic construction. The results prove that the General Prologue is a heteroglossic cultural document, whose formal strategies are the very social mobility and transgression, which are described in the contents. Conclusions on the interpretation of literature as social change in late medieval England are drawn.
Canterbury tales; General prologue; social order; medieval estates; Chaucer; New Historicism; social change; late medieval England.
MIGRANT LABOR ISSUES & CHALLENGES – A CASE STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO ANDHRA PRADESH
This research explores the challenges faced by migrant laborers in Andhra Pradesh, focusing on their working conditions, socio-economic impact, and policy implications. Migrant labor has become a crucial part of the labor market in Andhra Pradesh, contributing significantly to sectors such as construction, agriculture, and textiles. Despite their vital role in the economy, migrant workers often face exploitation, lack of adequate legal protection, and poor living conditions. The study examines both pre-existing and COVID-19 amplified challenges. Migrant workers often face issues such as inadequate wages, poor housing, and lack of access to essential services. These problems are compounded by limited government intervention and lack of institutional support. The pandemic further exacerbated their vulnerability, with many workers left without livelihoods and forced to return to their home states, leading to a massive humanitarian crisis. The study also examines the social exclusion and gender-based disparities within the migrant workforceThe study suggests that strengthening labor laws, improving housing and healthcare provisions, and creating more robust safety nets for migrant workers are essential steps to improving their welfare. By understanding the multifaceted issues faced by migrant workers, the research aims to provide policy recommendations that will improve their working conditions and ensure their inclusion in the broader socio-economic framework of the state.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Development Planning Review
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF ORGANIZED WORKFORCE (PRE & POST COVID) IN INDIA
The workforce in India, especially within the organized sector, has undergone significant transformations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research investigates the issues and challenges faced by the organized workforce in India before and after the pandemic. The primary objective is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on workforce dynamics, such as job security, work culture, economic challenges, and organizational resilience. The study examines both pre- and post-pandemic conditions, exploring how the pandemic reshaped the labor market in India, particularly the transition to remote work, employee mental health, and organizational adaptation to new operational models. Data were collected from 95 respondents across various sectors of the organized workforce. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and AMOS software were employed to analyze the relationships between various variables such as workforce adaptability, employee well-being, and organizational performance. The study found a marked shift in the workforce's approach to work, with a significant increase in remote work adoption, digital skills demand, and flexibility requirements. On the other hand, challenges related to job insecurity, mental health issues, and technological barriers emerged prominently. The findings suggest that while organizations have adapted to some degree, there is a need for enhanced employee support, better work-life balance policies, and robust infrastructure to support remote work in the long term. This research provides valuable insights into the resilience of the Indian organized workforce, offering practical suggestions for businesses to mitigate future challenges and enhance workforce productivity.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Development Planning Review
A STUDY ON E-SERVICESCAPE DIMENSION ON ONLINE FOOD DELIVERY SERVICE AND PURCHASE INTENTION.
The area of delivery app servicescape encompasses both social and physical elements. Both aspects have been independently researched, which is surprising. Through the mediating and moderating impacts of imagined crowding and customer satisfaction, this study aims to analyze the overall effects of servicescape on consumer behavior in a full service situation (Chennai). The current retail literature does not adequately depict online food delivery services (OFDSs). In order to close this gap, this study evaluates how service quality affects customer loyalty, contentment, and propensity to use meal delivery services. This research seeks to fill this void by evaluating how service quality affects consumer satisfaction, loyalty, and the intention to use food delivery services. In particular, we explored whether customers had greater loyalty towards restaurants or online food delivery services (OFDSs). This indicates that marketers and professionals should concentrate on the remaining four SERVQUAL dimensions (tangibles, reliability, assurance, and empathy) to enhance consumer loyalty and satisfaction, which can subsequently result in a higher likelihood of reusing the service (repeat patronage). Our findings provide important insights for marketers utilizing the SERVQUAL dimensions in the realm of online food delivery services.
PROJECT MANAGER’S SKILLS AND PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: A CASE OF RUKARARA HYDRO POWER PLANT PROJECT IN NYAMAGABE DISTRICT, RWANDA.
The general objective of this research was to assess the effect of project manager's skills on performance of Rukarara Hydro Power Plant project in Nyamagabe District, Rwanda. This study was guided by Human Capital Theory, Resource-Based View Theory, Theory of Change and Control Theory. This study used descriptive and correlational design with quantitative and qualitative approach to describe and correlate variables. The study population was 188 participants, who consisted of Project Managers, Project Team Members and Project consultants. The study used a census method to obtain data as the population was managable. In order to analyze quantitative data, the researcher used SPSS version 25 to calculate descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression analysis. Findings from Resource Planning Skills revealed unstandardized coefficient (β1) of 0.355, indicating that for each unit increase in resource planning skills, project performance increased by 0.355 units, significant at p = 0.000 with t=4.128. Leadership Skills showed a coefficient (β2) of 0.187, with a p-value of 0.010 with t=2.597, indicating that improvements in leadership skills were also positively and significantly associated with project performance. Communication Skills had a coefficient (β3) of 0.158 and was significant at p = 0.016 with t=2.431, reflecting a significant positive effect on project performance. Finally, results from Monitoring and Evaluation Skills had a coefficient (β4) of 0.177, significant at p = 0.001 with t=3.340, indicating its positive effect on project performance. Overall, the coefficients demonstrated that all four independent variables significantly affected performance of Rukarara Hydro Power Plant project in Nyamagabe District. This study concluded that project manager’s skills specifically in resource planning, leadership, communication, and monitoring and evaluation have a significant and positive impact on the performance of the Rukarara Hydro Power Plant project in Rwanda. This research recommended that Rukarara Hydro Power Plant project should strengthen a structured communication protocols that encourage open dialogue and regular feedback among team members and stakeholders.
Project Manager's Skills, Performance of construction project, Resource planning skills, Leadership skills, Communication skills, Monitoring and evaluation skills
Jean Claude Ibambasi Gakwavu,Dr. Dushimimana Jean de Dieu
BRIDGING THE SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING GAP: ISSB IMPLEMENTATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL READINESS IN COLOMBIAN FIRMS
The growing demand for transparent sustainability reporting has increased global attention on the adoption of standardized frameworks. The standards issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board aim to improve the comparability and reliability of sustainability disclosures. However, their effective implementation remains a challenge, particularly in emerging economies where institutional and organizational conditions may differ significantly from those in developed markets. This study analyzes the implementation gap of ISSB sustainability standards in Colombia by examining the perceptions and practices of corporate managers and accounting professionals. Using a sequential mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative survey data with qualitative insights to explore the relationship between awareness of sustainability standards and their practical adoption within organizations. The findings reveal a significant perception–implementation gap: although professionals recognize the strategic relevance of sustainability reporting, many firms have not yet incorporated ISSB standards into their reporting processes. The results suggest that institutional factors, limited regulatory pressure, and organizational readiness may influence the pace of adoption. This study contributes to the emerging literature on sustainability reporting by providing empirical evidence from a Latin American context and highlighting the challenges organizations face when transitioning toward globally harmonized sustainability reporting frameworks.
Sustainability reporting; ISSB standards; Emerging economies; Corporate sustainability disclosure; Accounting professionals; Latin America.
Angela María Vargas Ariza, Martha Janeth Bonilla Gómez, Mayeth Lizeth Durán Durán
“STRATEGIC UPSKILLING AND WORKFORCE PERFORMANCE: EXAMINING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN ORGANISATIONAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES”
As technological and market demands evolve, strategic upskilling initiatives have become an essential component of contemporary human resource management. Organizations operating in today’s knowledge-driven economy increasingly recognize the need for continuous skill development to remain competitive and enhance employee productivity. This study examines the relationship between strategic upskilling programs, employee engagement, and workforce performance, with particular emphasis on the mediating effect of employee engagement.A quantitative research approach was adopted, and primary data were gathered through a structured questionnaire administered to employees working in skill development organizations. The collected responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis. The findings indicate that strategic upskilling initiatives exert a significant positive influence on both employee engagement and workforce performance. In addition, the results confirm that employee engagement substantially mediates the association between strategic upskilling efforts and workforce performance.These findings suggest that organizations investing in employee training and continuous skill enhancement do more than strengthen workforce capabilities. They also foster a stronger psychological bond between employees and their work, which ultimately contributes to higher productivity and improved organizational effectiveness.
Strategic Upskilling, Employee Engagement, Workforce Performance, Human Resource Development, Organisational Learning
Dr. Shaik Mohammad Rafi, Manda Venkata Ramya, Prof. Nagaraju Battu
SKILL-BASED WORKFORCE PLANNING USING HR ANALYTICS
Skill-based workforce planning has become a strategic priority for contemporary organizations operating under conditions of technological disruption, volatile labour markets, and rapidly changing job expectations. Conventional workforce planning models generally concentrate on positions and headcount, but they often overlook the evolving mix of competencies required to sustain business performance. This study addresses that limitation by positioning HR analytics as a core enabler of skill-based workforce planning. The study examines whether analytics capability helps organizations identify skill gaps, forecast workforce needs, improve planning efficiency, and strengthen organizational performance. A quantitative design was adopted, and structured questionnaire data were obtained from 60 respondents representing different organizational roles. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the relationships among four constructs: HR Analytics Capability, Skill Identification, Workforce Planning Efficiency, and Organizational Performance. The findings indicate that HR analytics exerts a meaningful positive influence on skill identification and workforce planning efficiency, while efficient planning contributes directly to improved organizational outcomes. The direct path from HR analytics to organizational performance is also positive, suggesting that analytics creates value not only through planning processes but also through broader strategic alignment. The model demonstrated acceptable fit, with CFI = 0.94 and RMSEA = 0.052, confirming the adequacy of the proposed framework. The study contributes to theory by combining an analytics perspective with a skill-based workforce approach, and it contributes to practice by offering a data-informed model for HR decision making. Overall, the article shows that analytics-driven HR strategies can reduce skill mismatches, support talent optimization, and promote sustained organizational effectiveness.
HR Analytics, Skill-Based Workforce Planning, SEM, Talent Management, Predictive Analytics, Workforce Efficiency, Organizational Performance
Ms.Pasumala Swetha, Dr.Sandhya Madala, Prof. Puttapalli Arun kumar , Dr. Shaik Mohammad Rafi
TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS & BREAKDOWN OF TRADITION: ANALYSIS OF BRITISH PERIOD IN INDIA
This study critically examines the dialectical relationship between technological progress and the breakdown of traditional structures in India during the British colonial period. Through a socio-historical lens, it interrogates how British-imposed technologies, such as the railway, telegraph, and modern industrial infrastructure, were not merely tools of economic exploitation but also agents of cultural dislocation. These innovations accelerated the erosion of indigenous industries, disrupted agrarian economies, and disintegrated caste-based occupational hierarchies. The colonial education system, designed to produce a subservient elite, further dismantled traditional knowledge systems and communal governance, while reshaping identities and social aspirations. The research foregrounds the paradoxical nature of colonial modernization—promising progress while systematically undermining the cultural and social autonomy of Indian society. By engaging with critical theories of imperialism, modernization, and cultural hegemony, this work highlights the profound social fractures left in the wake of British technological interventions, which simultaneously spurred nationalist resistance and reconfigured traditional life irrevocably.
Colonial Modernization, Indigenous Industries, Cultural Dislocation, Imperialism, Social Fragmentation
The specified paper represents a critical argument of dialectic interdependence between development of technology and dissolution of the traditional organization in India at one of the times in the British colonization. It also poses a query concerning how the technologies that the British entered in taken with them such as the railway, the telegraph and the new industrial setting were not just a method of economic subjugation, but a source of alienation to the culture. The caste system of occupation was disrupted and broken by these new technologies in making the local industry faster deindustrialized and agrarian economy. The colonial educational system which aimed at producing a subservient population of elites kept on shattering the systems of knowledge and collective governments that had existed and relocated identities and external social desires. In this work, the ironic coinciding nature of the colonial modernization to its development and simultaneously, destruction of the cultural, social autonomy of the Indian society at the systemic level is predicted. In this case, a writing reveals the impact of the prism of critical approaches to imperialism, modernization, cultural hegemony systematic deep social divisions that had been introduced by the British technological interventions, which simultaneously caused nationalistic resistance and, at the same time, disorganized the traditional life to such a degree that they could not be rearranged.
PARTITION LITERATURE & FEMINISM – A STUDY ON INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
The Partition of India in 1947 was a cataclysmic event that led to the displacement, trauma, and violence for millions of people. This research focuses on Partition literature, examining it through a feminist lens to understand the complex interplay between gender, trauma, and national identity in post-Independence India. Partition literature serves as a critical medium for articulating the silenced voices and experiences of women who bore the brunt of the violence and upheaval. The study begins by contextualizing the historical and socio-political backdrop of the Partition, highlighting the patriarchal structures that exacerbated the suffering of women. It explores the representation of women's experiences in literary works, including novels, short stories, and memoirs by authors such as Amrita Pritam, Khushwant Singh, and Saadat Hasan Manto. These works provide insight into the multifaceted dimensions of women's lives during and after the Partition, encompassing themes of displacement, sexual violence, loss, and resilience. Through a feminist literary analysis, this research investigates how these narratives challenge and subvert traditional patriarchal discourses. It examines how female characters navigate their identities in the face of communal violence and societal expectations, and how their stories contribute to a broader understanding of the Partition's impact on women. The study also considers the role of memory and oral histories in preserving and transmitting women's experiences, emphasizing the importance of these narratives in shaping collective memory and historical consciousness. Furthermore, the research addresses the ongoing relevance of Partition literature in contemporary feminist discourse, analyzing how these historical narratives resonate with and inform current struggles for gender justice and equality in India. It argues that Partition literature not only documents historical trauma but also serves as a powerful tool for feminist critique and empowerment. In this study the research thought underscores the significance of Partition literature in providing a nuanced understanding of women's experiences during one of the most turbulent periods in Indian history. By foregrounding feminist perspectives, it aims to contribute to the broader field of gender studies and postcolonial literature, offering insights into the enduring legacy of the Partition and its implications for contemporary society.
Cataclysmic, National identity, Patriarchal structures, Discourses, Feminist perspectives
HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS AND EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR ENERGY ORGANISATIONS: THE ROLE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL SUPPORT
This study examines how High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS) influence employee productivity in public sector energy organisations, while also investigating the mediating role of employee engagement and the moderating effect of organisational support. Drawing on the Ability–Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) framework, the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, and Social Exchange Theory (SET), the research develops and tests a comprehensive model that links human resource practices with employee attitudes and performance outcomes. A quantitative and explanatory approach was adopted through a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from employees working in leading public sector energy organisations, including NTPC Limited and Singareni Collieries Company Limited. Using stratified sampling, responses were obtained from around 500 employees representing both executive and non-executive categories. The collected data were analysed with SPSS and AMOS using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that HPWS has a significant positive effect on employee productivity. The results further show that employee engagement partially explains this relationship, suggesting that engagement functions as an important psychological pathway through which HR practices enhance performance. In addition, organisational support was found to significantly strengthen the relationship between employee engagement and productivity, meaning that the beneficial effect of engagement on productivity becomes more pronounced when employees perceive a supportive work environment. The model demonstrated satisfactory fit indices, confirming the suitability of the proposed framework. Overall, this study enriches the strategic human resource management literature by applying an integrated mediation–moderation framework to public sector energy organisations, an area that has not been widely explored. The study also offers meaningful practical implications by stressing the importance of engagement-focused HR practices and a supportive organisational climate in improving employee productivity. These insights are valuable for policymakers and managers aiming to strengthen organisational effectiveness in public sector institutions.
High-Performance Work Systems (HPWS), Employee Engagement, Organisational Support, Employee Productivity, Strategic HRM
KVMK Srinivas, , Dr. Shaik Mohammad Rafi, Prof. Nagaraju Battu
A STUDY ON DIGITAL EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYEES WITH REFERENCE TO ANDHRA PRADESH
Digital transformation has emerged as a critical driver of organizational change, significantly influencing workforce participation, productivity, and inclusivity across sectors. Within this rapidly evolving environment, women employees constitute a vital demographic whose empowerment is increasingly shaped by access to and effective use of digital technologies. As organizations adopt digital systems, platforms, and communication tools, the ability of women employees to engage confidently and independently with these technologies has become central to their professional growth, workplace participation, and decision-making autonomy. Despite improvements in digital infrastructure and supportive policy initiatives, notable disparities remain in the extent to which women are able to leverage digital resources for empowerment and career advancement. The present study investigates the determinants of digital empowerment among women employees in Andhra Pradesh by examining the roles of digital literacy, digital access, and organizational support in influencing empowerment outcomes and perceived career development. The study addresses a significant gap in existing literature by integrating empowerment theory with digital capability frameworks and empirically testing the proposed relationships through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A quantitative research design was employed, and primary data were collected from 320 women respondents working in IT, banking, education, and public sector organizations. The findings indicate that digital literacy and organizational support have strong and significant positive effects on digital empowerment, highlighting the importance of skill development and enabling workplace environments. In contrast, digital access alone shows a limited direct influence unless supported by meaningful skill utilization and organizational facilitation. Further analysis demonstrates that digital empowerment significantly enhances women employees’ perceptions of career growth, confidence, and professional agency. The study makes an important theoretical contribution by proposing an integrated model of digital empowerment and offers practical implications for human resource policy, organizational strategy, and inclusive workforce development aimed at strengthening women’s participation and advancement in the digital era.
Digital Empowerment; Women Employees; SEM; Digital Literacy; Organizational Support; Career Growth
STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRY 5.0 WITH REFERENCE TO INDIA
Industry 5.0 marks a significant transition from purely automation-driven industrial systems to organizational models that prioritize human-centricity, resilience, sustainability, and intelligent collaboration between people and advanced technologies. In this emerging context, Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) assumes a pivotal role because the success of digital and cyber-physical transformation depends not only on technological deployment but also on workforce preparedness, adaptability, and alignment with long-term organizational strategy. Although scholarly discussion on Industry 5.0 has grown rapidly, empirical studies that connect SHRM with employee adaptability, technological readiness, and organizational performance remain limited, especially in the Indian context where industrial modernization is unfolding unevenly across sectors. The present study addresses this gap by examining the role of SHRM in enabling Industry 5.0 transformation in India. The study adopts a quantitative research design and draws on primary data collected from 450 employees working in manufacturing and information technology organizations across major Indian cities. A structured questionnaire was used to measure SHRM practices, employee adaptability, technological readiness, and organizational performance. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through AMOS was employed to test the proposed conceptual relationships. The results indicate that SHRM exerts a strong positive influence on employee adaptability (β = 0.71) and technological readiness (β = 0.66). Both adaptability (β = 0.60) and technological readiness (β = 0.62) significantly enhance organizational performance, while the indirect path confirms that SHRM contributes to performance through these mediating variables. The model demonstrates satisfactory fit and measurement quality, with CFI = 0.958, RMSEA = 0.043, AVE above 0.50, and CR above 0.70. The study contributes to theory by integrating Industry 5.0 principles into SHRM literature and provides practical guidance for organizations seeking to build future-ready, human-centered, and technologically resilient work systems.
Strategic Human Resource Management, Industry 5.0, Employee Adaptability, Technological Readiness, Organizational Performance, SEM, India
MALWI LITERARY AND DIGITAL PRODUCTION AS SOCIOLINGUISTIC RESISTANCE: LANGUAGE, IDENTITY, AND MULTILINGUAL HIERARCHIES IN CENTRAL INDIA
In multilingual societies structured by unequal language regimes, regional and minoritized languages often persist outside formal institutions through cultural and increasingly digital practices. This paper examines the Malwi dialect of central India as a sociolinguistic case study of how literary production and digital dissemination function as forms of resistance within asymmetric multilingual hierarchies dominated by Hindi and English. Drawing on qualitative analysis of Malwi literary texts, proverbs, authorial practices, and digital platforms, the study foregrounds Malwi as a site of ethnolinguistic identity, cultural memory, and symbolic capital. Anchored in sociolinguistic and cultural theory—particularly Fishman’s ethnolinguistic identity, Bourdieu’s linguistic capital, and theories of language endangerment—the paper argues that Malwi’s vitality is sustained through community-driven literary and digital practices rather than institutional support. By situating Malwi within broader debates on multilingual inequality and minoritized language resilience, the study contributes to international discussions on language, power, and cultural sustainability.
multilingualism; minoritized languages; linguistic inequality; linguistic capital; Malwi; digital multilingualism; India
Dr. Anisha Jain, Dr. Prachi Sathe, Dr. Shalini Modh
UNDERSTANDING OF CRYPTOCURRENCY: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE.
Cryptocurrency has emerged as a disruptive innovation in the global financial system by enabling decentralized, peer-to-peer, and borderless transactions through blockchain technology. Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2009, cryptocurrencies have challenged traditional banking mechanisms by eliminating intermediaries and enhancing transaction transparency. This theoretical paper aims to examine the conceptual meaning, evolution, functioning, and technological foundation of cryptocurrency, with a specific focus on blockchain technology. Drawing insights from existing literature, the study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency adoption, including efficiency gains, decentralization, volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and security concerns. The paper contributes to the academic understanding of cryptocurrency by consolidating theoretical perspectives and providing a structured foundation for future empirical research in the fields of commerce, finance, and management.
Cryptocurrency, Blockchain, Decentralization, Peer-to-Peer, Bitcoin, Financial Innovation, Regulatory Challenges.
APPLICATION OF ROBOTICS IN RESTAURANTS: A COMPREHENSIVE SECONDARY LITERATURE REVIEW
In recent years, the rapid development of robotics and artificial intelligence has begun to reshape service-oriented industries, with the restaurant sector standing out as one of the most visibly affected domains within hospitality. This paper undertakes a detailed secondary review of existing academic and industry literature to explore how robotics is being applied in restaurant environments. Particular attention is given to operational efficiency, customer experience, workforce implications, and patterns of technology adoption. Drawing from peer-reviewed journal articles, industry publications, and scholarly databases published between 2020 and 2025, the study brings together dispersed insights to present a consolidated understanding of current developments. The review suggests that robotic systems contribute significantly to improvements in service speed, accuracy, and cost management, while also enabling contactless service delivery—an aspect that gained prominence during the COVID-19 period. At the same time, several constraints remain evident, including high capital investment, limited emotional intelligence of machines, and differing levels of customer acceptance across contexts. Rather than positioning robotics as a replacement for human labor, the findings consistently point toward the value of collaborative models where human employees and robotic systems operate together. By integrating and critically examining existing research, this study contributes to the academic discourse and outlines directions for future investigation, particularly in the areas of emotionally responsive robotics and culturally sensitive service design.
Robotics, Service Robots, Restaurant Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Hospitality Technology, Customer Experience, Human–Robot Interaction, Technology Acceptance Model
Ms. Jenny Maria Peter, Dr. Gazala Yasmin Ashraf
SOCIETAL DISINTEGRATION TRAPS IN TÜRKIYE UNDER THE BOP FRAMEWORK: A REGIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCOME EROSION, SOCIETAL BURNOUT, AND PATHWAYS TO STATE–SOCIETY DECOUPLING
The societal repercussions of regional reorganization efforts undertaken within the Greater Middle East Initiative (GMEI) have not been systematically examined in the academic literature. This study analyzes the "social dissolution traps" observed in Turkey within the GMEI context across three interconnected dimensions: income erosion, social burnout, and state–society disconnection, situating them within an integrated theoretical framework. The central research question asks: through what mechanisms do income erosion and social burnout feed the processes leading to state–society rupture? Drawing on a qualitative research design that integrates interpretive and comparative methods, the study employs a field survey conducted between 2023 and 2025 with 500 participants representing five distinct social groups as its primary data source. Secondary data include macroeconomic indicators from the Turkish Statistical Institute, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, and the Social Security Institution, supplemented by gold-denominated real purchasing power comparisons. Findings are interpreted through Acemoglu and Robinson's narrow corridor theory and North, Wallis, and Weingast's limited access order framework. Three principal findings emerge. First, a long-term and systemic erosion of real income measured in grams of gold is documented: the minimum wage fell from approximately 14.5 grams of gold in 2007 to 5.9 grams in 2024, while the lowest pension declined from 19.1 grams in 2003 to below 3 grams in 2021. Second, participants' negative perception of their personal economic situation intensified from −23.8% in 2023 to −56% in 2025, while negative assessments of the national economy rose from −18.4% to −75.4% over the same period. Third, social burnout indicators escalated simultaneously across all social groups, accompanied by a measurable erosion of institutional trust. These findings demonstrate that income erosion undermines psychosocial resilience, generating a self-reinforcing cycle that threatens the fragile equilibrium between state capacity and societal consent. The comparative examination of Turkey alongside other GMEI-affected regional countries contributes to explaining social dissolution dynamics at the regional level and points toward actionable policy intervention pathways while the process remains reversible.
Greater Middle East Initiative; social dissolution trap; income erosion; social burnout; state–society disconnection; narrow corridor theory; fragile state
HR ANALYTICS AND ITS JOB EFFICACY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND PERFORMANCE
Purpose: The paper attempts to recognise the voice of hospital administrators who actively use HR analytics tools in their hospitals to determine the work efficacy of HR analytics tools by understanding their comprehension of HR analytics role, usage, and correlation with productivity and performance. Methodology: The data was collected from 28 selected hospitals regarding the role of HR analytics, usage of HR analytics, and the impact of HR analytics on productivity and performance of selected hospitals. Findings:. The study revealed that HR analysts perform the descriptive role, the diagnostic role, the prescriptive role, and the predictive role in the selected hospitals. It is used for recruitment analytics, training analytics, and workforce analytics in the selected hospitals. The role and usage of HR analytics in selected hospitals are helpful in framing policies and making informed decisions by predicting trends through data-driven activities.
HR Analytics, role, usage, productivity, and performance.
Jyoti Rahangdale, Dr. Gazala Yasmin Ashraf
PREDICTIVE MODELING OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT HEALTH USING MACHINE LEARNING–BASED MULTIVARIATE INDICATORS
Construction projects are inherently complex and prone to delays, cost overruns, safety issues, and quality deviations, making timely monitoring of project health critical for successful delivery. This study investigates the use of machine learning–based predictive modeling to assess and forecast construction project health using multivariate performance indicators. A hypothetical dataset comprising multiple project dimensions—including cost, schedule, quality, safety, resource utilization, and stakeholder coordination—was analyzed to construct a Project Health Index, categorizing projects as healthy, moderately at-risk, or critical. Various machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, decision trees, random forest, support vector machines, gradient boosting, and artificial neural networks, were employed to predict project health. The results indicate that ensemble and nonlinear models, particularly gradient boosting, provided the highest prediction accuracy, demonstrating the complex interdependencies among performance indicators. Findings highlight the effectiveness of data-driven predictive approaches in enabling early detection of project risks, supporting proactive decision-making, and enhancing overall project performance. The study underscores the potential of integrating AI-driven predictive systems into construction project management practices for improved governance and operational resilience.
Construction project health, Predictive modeling, Machine learning, Multivariate indicators, Project performance, Early risk detection, Gradient boosting, Data-driven decision support
CLOUD BASED STRUCTURAL DESIGN SOFTWARE WITH BILT-IN AI COPILOT: A CONCEPT
The shortcomings of traditional desktop-based structural design software have been brought to light by the expanding complexity of structural systems and the increasing need for quicker, more precise, and collaborative design procedures. By facilitating scalable computation and intelligent decision assistance, recent developments in artificial intelligence and cloud computing present fresh chances to overcome these obstacles. A theoretical and conceptual framework for a cloud-based structural design program with an integrated AI copilot is presented in this paper. The suggested solution uses an AI copilot to offer real-time code compliance checks, mistake detection, design optimization suggestions, and conversational support while utilizing cloud infrastructure for high-performance structural analysis and design. System performance, design accuracy, and user productivity are assessed using a design science-based methodology backed by benchmark scenarios and simulated structural models. Significant gains in computing efficiency, less design flaws, improved adherence to design standards, and more efficient engineering workflows are all shown by the fictitious outcomes. The results show the conceptual viability and potential revolutionary influence of AI-augmented cloud platforms in promoting intelligent, cooperative, and effective structural engineering methods, even though empirical validation is outside the purview of this study.
Cloud computing, Structural design software, Artificial intelligence, AI copilot, Structural engineering, Design optimization.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Development Planning Review
THE MARITIME MANDALA: INDIA'S STRATEGY FOR POWER, PARTNERSHIP, AND SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC
This study examines India's evolving maritime strategy in the Indo-Pacific through the conceptual lens of a "maritime mandala," characterized by concentric layers of security partnerships, naval outreach, and strategic alignments shaped by regional power transitions. The research examines how India's maritime policies, grounded in the Look East/Act East frameworks and driven by China's expanding footprint, have influenced its engagement with both intermediate and extended neighbourhoods. Drawing on contemporary scholarship, official maritime doctrines, and secondary data, the study analyses India's security cooperation with Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, and the United States. It evaluates how these partnerships enhance India's strategic influence and secure critical sea lanes. The findings reveal that India's naval modernization, multilateral exercises, enhanced collaborative capacity building, and deepening defense diplomacy have collectively strengthened its position in the Indo-Pacific, although structural constraints and great-power conflict continue to limit its strategic autonomy. The paper concludes that India's maritime mandala offers a viable long-term approach for balancing China, expanding India's regional footprint, and contributing to an inclusive and rules-based Indo-Pacific order.
Indo-Pacific, maritime strategy, India, maritime mandala, strategic partnerships, China, naval diplomacy, security architecture.
Samriddhi Bisht, Divas Tewari, Hardesh Kumar
PRIORITIZING CONSTRAINTS IN HILL AGRICULTURE IN ALMORA, KUMAON HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND: A GARRETT RANKING ANALYSIS
Hill agriculture remains the backbone of rural livelihoods in the Kumaon Himalaya but is hampered by interconnected economic, infrastructural, technological, environmental, and market access barriers that depress productivity and incomes. This study employs a descriptive-analytical design in the Almora district (Kumaon, Uttarakhand), surveying 100 farm households to profile socio-economic characteristics and prioritize constraints using the Garrett ranking technique, a widely applied method for ordinal constraint analysis in agricultural research. Respondents are predominantly young smallholders with modest landholdings and high dependency ratios, reflecting the structural realities of mountain farming systems in the region. Across five domains, the top-ranked constraints are dependence on traditional, low-value crops (economic), poor road connectivity and inadequate input access and storage (infrastructural), reliance on traditional knowledge and limited mechanization (technological), severe soil erosion and water scarcity (environmental), and inadequate transportation facilities and middlemen dependence (marketing), consistent with wider Himalayan evidence on terrain-induced frictions and climate vulnerability. Environmental stressors, including erosive slopes, variable hydrology, and cryosphere-linked irrigation fragility, compound risk exposures and reduce resilience under climate change. Policy implications include first-mile connectivity and local aggregation with cold-chain, watershed and spring-shed programs, and hill-suitable mechanization and extension for diversification into higher-value, climate-resilient portfolios. Strengthening farmer collectives and market infrastructure can improve price discovery, reduce intermediation, and enable quality-led participation in premium value chains for hill crops.​
Hill agriculture; Kumaon Himalaya; Almora district; Garrett ranking; agricultural constraints; mountain livelihoods.
Dr. Jitendra Kumar Lohani, Manjeet Kumar, Arti Joshi and Hardesh Kumar