International Development Planning Review
International Development Planning Review is a peer-reviewed journal which provides an interdisciplinary platform for the critical study of development related practices, planning and policy in the global South. The journal publishes theoretically informed and empirically grounded papers, critical reviews, and viewpoints.
THE INTERPLAY OF GREEN FINANCE INSTRUMENTS AND ESG RATINGS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY, INVESTOR CONFIDENCE, AND MARKET TRANSFORMATION
The fast expansion of green finance and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investment has radically transformed the global financial system by linking capital deployment with sustainability and social responsibility. As much as they have gained popularity, there is little empirical research on the interaction between green finance vehicles and ESG ratings and their joint influence on corporate sustainability, investor trust, and market reform. The research utilizes a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative secondary firm-level data analysis with qualitative case studies of ESG-driven firms, to analyze these dynamics. Quantitative results for 120 firms from across multiple industries indicate that 65% of firms have adopted at least one green finance instrument, with green bonds and sustainability-linked loans being the most prevalent. There is a positive correlation between green finance adoption and ESG ratings (r = 0.62) and between ESG ratings and corporate sustainability performance (r = 0.58), and regression analysis validates the mediating effect of ESG ratings in the process of converting green finance adoption to quantifiable sustainability results. Qualitative findings point out that green finance and ESG framework strategic alignment improves transparency, boosts investor confidence, and transforms markets, although difficulties around inconsistent reporting standards, measurement issues, and costs of implementation remain. Research emphasizes the ability of synergistic green finance and ESG approaches to promote sustainable business practices, informed decision-making, and overall market development.
Green Finance, ESG Ratings, Corporate Sustainability, Investor Confidence, Market Transformation
HUMAN–AI SYNERGY AND EMPLOYEE RESILIENCE: UNDERSTANDING HR ANALYTICS IMPACT ON WELL-BEING IN INDIAN SERVICE FIRMS
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and analytics in Human Resource Management (HRM) has transformed decision-making, workforce optimization, and employee experience. However, little is known about how the interaction between humans and AI within HR analytics systems influences employee resilience and overall well-being—particularly in the context of Indian service firms. This study adopts a mixed-method approach grounded in socio-technical systems (STS) theory and the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model to investigate the dual impact of HR analytics on employee outcomes. In the qualitative phase, data from 32 semi-structured interviews across four Indian service sectors—banking, information technology, healthcare, and hospitality—were thematically analyzed to uncover key dimensions of Human–AI synergy, trust, and adaptability. The quantitative phase, using survey data from 382 employees, was analyzed via SmartPLS 4.0 to test hypothesized relationships among HR analytics use, employee resilience, and well-being. Results indicate that Human–AI synergy significantly enhances resilience (β = 0.47, p < 0.01), which in turn predicts employee well-being (β = 0.52, p < 0.001). However, overreliance on algorithmic monitoring partially offsets these gains through perceived techno-stress (β = –0.29, p < 0.05). The study extends the HR analytics literature by linking AI adoption to humanistic outcomes and proposing a Human–AI–Resilience–Well-being (HARW) framework for sustainable digital HR transformation in emerging economies.
Human–AI Interaction · HR Analytics · Employee Resilience · Well-being · Socio-Technical Systems Theory · Job Demands–Resources Model · Indian Service Industry
Copyright (c) 2025 International Development Planning Review
REFRAMING CAMPUS SUSTAINABILITY: A REVIEW OF HUMAN-CENTRIC, TECHNO-CENTRIC, AND POST-ANTHROPOCENTRIC PARADIGMS
The systematic review critically examined the evolving landscape of campus sustainability through the lens of three dominant paradigms: human-centric, techno-centric, and post-anthropocentric approaches. Analyzing 120 peer-reviewed studies (2010-2024) using PRISMA methodology, the study reveals how human-centric strategies dominate institutional practice through stakeholder engagement but often lack structural impact, while techno-centric solutions demonstrate measurable carbon reductions yet face critiques of technological determinism and equity gaps. The emerging post-anthropocentric paradigm challenges traditional models through ecological justice frameworks, though implementation remains limited by institutional barriers. The review identifies key tensions between paradigms, including divergent epistemologies, measurement challenges, and power dynamics in sustainability governance. Through comparative analysis of global case studies, the study demonstrates how integrative approaches - such as Cornell University's hybrid climate action plan and indigenous-led campus initiatives - overcome paradigm silos by combining behavioural, technological, and ecological dimensions. The findings highlight the urgent need for "paradigm fluency" in higher education sustainability, proposing a transformative framework that reconciles human agency with technological innovation and multi-species justice. Practical recommendations address curriculum redesign, boundary-spanning leadership, and alternative assessment methods, while future research directions emphasise longitudinal studies of integration processes and the political economy of sustainability transitions. This work contributes to theoretical and practical discourse by showing how universities can move beyond fragmented approaches to become truly transformative socio-technical-ecological systems.
Campus sustainability, sustainability paradigms, human-centric, techno-centric, post-anthropocentric, ecological justice
Aniefon H. Essien, Eghosa N. Ekhaese, Daniel O. Babalola, Egidario B. Aduwo
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SECURE VIRTUAL ATM SYSTEM WITHPIN AND INTEGRATED ONLINE UPI SUPPORT
In real-time, users often depend on physical ATMs for banking, but these machines are restricted to basic transactions like withdrawals and transfers. Physical ATMs require debit or credit cards to operate, making them card-dependent. Authentication is done through PIN entry, with limited online security measures. These ATMs have risks such as card loss, skimming, and physical tampering. Additionally, they have high costs related to maintenance and card production. There are also delays in peer-to-peer and interbank transfers. The availability of physical ATMs is restricted to specific locations and traditional banking hours. The Virtual ATM is a platform built in Python that enables users to securely carry out banking transactions online. This system incorporates PIN authentication and OTP verification to improve security measures. It allows users to access and execute transactions anytime and from any location. The system is designed with function parameters and return values to maintain efficient operations. By eliminating the need for real cards and lowering the security risks of card theft, UPI integration allows users to conduct instantaneous peer-to-peer transactions, increasing the effectiveness of digital payments. The study highlights the improvements in transaction security, user convenience, and accessibility while examining the system's architecture, implementation challenges, security features, and performance evaluation.
Banking transactions, PIN-basedauthentication,OTP verification, Virtual ATM,Peer-to-peer transactions, Transaction security.
STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING STRESS AMONG COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION ASPIRANTS
This study focuses on the examination of stress management among aspirants preparing for competitive examinations. The researchers have outlined objectives such as assessing the level of stress management among the aspirants. To highlight the modifications in stress management between male and female aspirants and computing the differences in stress management among those preparing for UPSC, TNPSC and Railway exams. A descriptive survey method was employed and stratified purposive sampling was used to select 120 participants from various institutions in Chennai city. The results were analyzed through percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. The analysis revealed no significant difference in stress management between male and female aspirants nor among those preparing for UPSC, TNPSC, and Railway exams. Nonetheless, a significant interaction was observed between gender and the type of competitive aspirants regarding their stress management.
Stress Management, Competitive Aspirants
LANGUAGE AS LIBERATION: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF FEMALE VOICE AND SILENCE IN TONI MORRISON'S ‘THE BLUEST EYE’
In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison seeks to challenge the eroding sexual and racial prejudices affecting Black girls and women. This paper analyzes how Morrison employs language and voice and silence to portray how societal forces suppress Black women but to reveal that language is a tool for liberation and Black women’s creation of the self. Through a close reading of the novel, I demonstrate how linguistic manipulation works to devalue Black women’s voices and argue that the novel includes instances in which language allows them to speak against their suppression and to create their identities anew. With this study, I look at various sociolinguistic factors in this novel as the central point of focus to add to current understandings on power dynamics and linguistic transformation in both the literary analysis and general discussions. In analyzing these elements and themes in Morrison’s work the paper utilizes the keywords Toni Morrison, The Bluest Eye, Language, Voice, Silence, Black Women, Feminism, Linguistic Analysis, Oppression, Liberation, Dialect.
POSTCOLONIAL APPROACHES TO HARPER LEE: THE AMERICAN SOUTH AS AN INTERNAL COLONY
This research paper explores Harper Lee's novels, To Kill a Mockingbird and Go Set a Watchman, through the lens of postcolonial theory, specifically the concept of the American South as an internal colony. While traditional postcolonial studies focus on the relationship between imperial powers and overseas territories, this paper argues that the socio-economic and cultural dynamics between the American South and the dominant national narrative exhibit characteristics akin to an internal colonial relationship. By examining patterns of economic dependence, cultural marginalization, the perpetuation of racial hierarchies, and the struggle for regional identity within Lee's fictional Maycomb, this paper demonstrates how postcolonial frameworks offer a nuanced understanding of the South's complex position. The analysis reveals how Lee's works illuminate the South's simultaneously subaltern and oppressive roles, where its own internal colonialism against African Americans intersects with its experience of being "othered" and managed by external national forces.
Harper Lee, postcolonial theory, internal colonialism, American South, racial hierarchies, Southern literature
ACTIVE MONITORING AND AUTOMATED RECOVERY SYSTEMS USING AI AGENTS AND CONTINUOUS DATA PROCESSING
Using artificial intelligence (AI) agents and continuous data processing frameworks, this study examined the design and assessment of automatic recovery and active monitoring systems. The shortcomings of conventional monitoring systems, which were reactive and necessitated manual intervention, frequently resulting in extended outages and service interruptions, served as the impetus for the study. AI agents trained on historical datasets were utilized to identify anomalies and start self-healing processes in a hybrid cloud environment that mimicked real-world situations. The findings showed that while unsupervised methods successfully detected new abnormalities, supervised learning models were more accurate in identifying predetermined failures. When compared to manual approaches, automated recovery mechanisms improved system availability by over four percent by dramatically lowering the Mean Time to Detect (MTTD) and Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR). The gains in efficiency and resilience surpassed the small computational burden that AI-driven monitoring brought. The study came to the conclusion that AI-based monitoring and recovery systems offered a scalable, flexible, and successful method of guaranteeing dependability in dynamic infrastructures like enterprise networks and hybrid clouds. Future research might concentrate on explainable AI for transparency, reinforcement learning for adaptive recovery, and practical deployment testing in expansive settings.
Active Monitoring, Automated Recovery, Artificial Intelligence Agents, Continuous Data Processing, Anomaly Detection, Self-Healing Systems, Cloud Computing.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Development Planning Review
"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A CATALYST FOR INDIA'S DIGITAL ECONOMY: POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS"
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has increasingly become a technological innovation that has revolutionized the Indian digital economy with an unimaginable prospect of the attainment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper discusses the various ways that AI can support the digital transformation of India and the meaning of such actions on the sustainable development of policy frameworks. By thoroughly evaluating the existing trends related to AI use, the economic effect, and policy efforts, this paper reflects that the AI market in India is forecasted to expand at a 25-35% CAGR by 2027, with the industry estimated to add nearly 400-500 billion to the national economy by 2030. The authors use a mixed methodology; sectoral data of 500 companies were studied in seven major industries, and the possible effects of AI on all 17 SDGs were also analyzed. The results suggest that AI would facilitate the achievement of 134 targets and suppress 59 targets with discretion on policy set-ups. The paper has proposed an inclusive AI-driven growth roadmap that addresses major policy gaps in effective AI governance systems. The most important advice is the necessity of AI-SDG monitoring, the development of digital literacy, and, finally, the establishment of so-called regulatory sandboxes related to sustainable AI development. The study is part of the high-potential literature on the development of AI, with empirical evidence contributing to the effectiveness of AI as a transformational tool in emerging economies and actionable policies to provide policymakers interested in harnessing the powers of AI to sustainable development goals.
Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy, Sustainable Development Goals, India, Policy Framework, Digital Transformation, Economic Growth, Technology Governance
Dr A. Shankar Kumar, Dr. SP. Krishnaveni
ALGORITHMIC GOVERNANCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE ETHICS IN INDIA: BALANCING AI EFFICIENCY WITH DEMOCRATIC ACCOUNTABILITY
The fast adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in the administration of India is characterized by both unprecedented possibilities of administration effectiveness and great threats to democratic accountability. The present paper looks at the present situation in the area of algorithmic governance in India and discusses the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) 2025 AI Governance Guidelines and the overarching IndiaAI Mission frameworks. This research assesses the way in which India is striking a balance between the potential of AI-driven efficiency in administration and the need to preserve principles of democracy, transparency, and ethics through reviewing policy documents, government programs, and regulatory frameworks. The study shows that although India has achieved a lot in terms of the creation of AI governance systems, such as the distribution of ₹10,372 crore to the IndiaAI Mission and the creation of area-specific regulatory frameworks, there are still major gaps in the process of holding algorithms accountable and securing the rights of citizens. The main conclusions are that the Indian strategy is focused on a complex of regulatory approaches and technical means, a whole-of-government approach, but still has difficulties in the areas of algorithmic openness, mitigation of bias, and citizen involvement in AI governance. The paper comes to the conclusion that successful AI governance in India needs to focus on reinforcing democratic oversight tools, increasing citizen participation in AI policy-making, and creating effective AI accountability frameworks that maintain efficiency improvements and democratic principles.
Algorithmic governance, AI ethics, administrative accountability, democratic governance, India, policy of artificial intelligence, transparency, digital governance, public administration, responsible AI.
"DHARMA AND EXISTENTIAL CHOICE: RECONSTRUCTING HINDU ETHICS THROUGH AN EXISTENTIALIST LENS"
This paper explores the category of dharma within the Hindu philosophical tradition, showing that an existentialist perspective can broaden dharma beyond being cosmic law or social obligation to an existential field of choice. Basing themselves on historically classical Hindu literature, especially the Bhagavad Gita and Dharmashastra literature, as well as existential thinkers such as Sartre, Kierkegaard, and Jaspers, a convergence between Hindu ethics and existentialist thought is revealed here that can be astounding. It has been sighted how the contextual form of dharma (svadharma) is congruent with the existentialist interest in situated freedom, and the existence of a Hindu concept of karma offers a means of conceiving the burden of choice and responsibility. By looking at some of the critical points of ethical crisis in Hindu literature, especially that faced by Arjuna in the Gita, the paper demonstrates how dharmic choice means authentic encountering the existential anxiety and not mechanical obligations to duty. The results indicate that forms of Hindu ethics, through an existentialist prism, can guide through a morally complex multicultural environment in a state of commitment to individual integrity, as well as to integration in the social fabric. The reconstruction would have implications in comparative philosophy as well as religious studies and practical ethics in multicultural societies.
dharma, existentialism, Hindu ethics, svadharma, authenticity, karma, moral choice, Bhagavad Gita
BREAKING BARRIERS, BUILDING BRIDGES: ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT TOOL OF PVTG WOMEN.
The paper will show how English language education can be empowering in the sense of empowering the women who constitute the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India. Since 75 PVTGs represent approximately 2.8 million individuals in 18 states, these communities are characterised by several marginalisations, and women have been impacted in various ways. The literacy levels of PVTGs in the female gender are at a very low critical level of 30-40, as compared to the national average of 70.3. The paper follows a mixed-methodology design, which reviews second-order data, i.e., government reports, NFHS-5 (2019-21), and the latest empirical studies, to discuss how English language proficiency could initiate socio-economic empowerment. The findings demonstrate that English education increases employment by 45 per cent, income by 38 per cent and government program access by 52 per cent. They still face significant issues of language barriers, poor infrastructure, ineffective teachers, and socio-cultural opposition. The article also addresses other more recent programs, such as PM-JANMAN (2023) and suggests a model of multilingual education that intersects with indigenous language and English language proficiency, as well. Community language centres, use of technology-based learning solutions, culturally sensitive means of instruction, and some of the recommendations. It concludes the study that, in combination with cultural preservation initiatives, strategic English language education has the potential to effectively disrupt intergenerational cycles of poverty and marginalisation within the PVTG women group.
PVTG women, English language education, socio-economic empowerment, multilingual education, PM-JANMAN, tribal development, gender equality.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL THE ROLE OF AI AND ANALYTICS IN EMPLOYEE EVALUATION
Digital transformation has redefined organizational processes, particularly in human resource management, with performance appraisal being one of the most significantly affected domains. Traditionally reliant on subjective and paper-based evaluations, appraisal systems are now shifting toward continuous, data-driven approaches through artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced analytics. This study explores how AI-enabled systems analyze employee behavior, productivity, and engagement in real time while analytics identifies performance patterns, skill gaps, and growth opportunities, thereby replacing intuition-based judgments with evidence-based assessments. Predictive analytics further supports future performance forecasting and strategic alignment of employee contributions with organizational objectives. The research highlights benefits such as increased transparency, minimized biases, personalized feedback, and dynamic goal setting. Digital dashboards and machine learning algorithms enable managers to access real-time insights, while natural language processing and sentiment analysis enrich feedback quality. Features like gamification and AI-driven chatbots enhance employee engagement, fostering a shift from evaluative to developmental appraisal models. However, the study also emphasizes challenges including algorithmic bias, data privacy, and employee resistance to technological change, stressing the importance of ethical AI governance, regulatory compliance, and cultural readiness for successful adoption. Drawing from resource-based view and human capital theory, the paper provides both theoretical and practical contributions. It proposes a hybrid approach that balances machine intelligence with human judgment and outlines a framework for integrating AI into existing HR practices. Ultimately, the study concludes that AI and analytics are not merely technological upgrades but strategic enablers of organizational transformation, redefining performance appraisal as a proactive and developmental process that strengthens competitive advantage in dynamic business environments.
People Analytics / HR Analytics, Digital Transformation, Artificial Intelligence (AI),Performance Appraisal.
Dr. Manchala Veera Krishna, Dr. K P R Rajesh, Durga Bhavani Dhlipudi, Dr. J N V Naresh Babu,
ATTITUDE TOWARDS STATISTICS AMONG THE PH.D RESEARCH SCHOLARS IN HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES OF NORTH-EAST INDIA
In the present study, it aimed to study the attitude towards Statistics among Research Scholars across different disciplines of North East Indian Universities. Keeping in view the essence of the present study, Attitude Towards Statistics scale has been employed as a tool for the purpose of collection of data. However, three main dimensions of attitude towards Statistics scale includes such as Affect on Statistics, Cognitive Competence on Statistics and Difficulty in Statistics. Moreover, percentage analysis has been applied through SPSS. Based on the findings of the study, it is evident that in terms of attitude towards Statistics most of the research scholars belonging to different four disciplines such as (Economics, Education, Political Science and Geography) from different eight universities (GU, NEHU, Mizoram University, Manipur University, RGU, NU, TU and SU) of North-East India have shown a low attitude in terms of affect on Statistics. However, it showed a high attitude on cognitive competence and it showed a low attitude in terms of difficulty in Statistics. It is thus obvious from the findings that majority of the research scholars showed low attitude towards Statistics.
Attitude, Statistics, Research Scholars, Humanities, North-East India
Dr. Mihir Brahma, Tanaya Bardhan, Kangthir Tokbi, Nilakshi Kalita
AN ENHANCED MECHANISM FOR THE PREVENTION OF MALWARE INJECTION WITH URL REDIRECTION
The growing dependence on web-based services has made users increasingly vulnerable to malicious activities, particularly those exploiting deceptive URL redirection techniques. Cyber attackers often mask harmful destinations behind seemingly legitimate links, leading to phishing sites or triggering the download of malware. This study presents a lightweight browser-level solution to detect and mitigate such threats using custom Chrome extensions. The first extension monitors redirection chains initiated by embedded links, particularly in common file formats like PDFs, and alerts users to suspicious behavior. The second extension enhances file download security by integrating with the VirusTotal API, enabling real-time scanning of downloaded files based on their hash values. Both tools operate seamlessly in the background, requiring minimal user interaction, and together offer a layered defense against URL-based threats. Through a series of simulated attack scenarios and controlled testing environments, the proposed system demonstrated effective detection and prevention capabilities. The findings emphasize the need for dynamic, browser-integrated solutions in modern cybersecurity strategies.
URL Redirection, Threat Intelligence, Cyber Security, Web Extension, Chrome
Vaibhav Sharma, Sandeep Chopra, Ritesh Kumar, Vishok Kumar Singh, Archana Kero
FACTORS AFFECTING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN TOURISM ENTERPRISES: A CASE STUDY IN PHU THO PROVINCE
This study investigates the external environmental factors influencing digital transformation (DT) among tourism enterprises in Phu Tho province, Vietnam. Drawing on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework, it examines five key variables: technological infrastructure, legal-policy environment, customer demand, competitive pressure, and economic environment. Data collected from 290 respondents across local tourism businesses were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. The findings reveal that all five factors significantly affect digital transformation performance, with technological infrastructure exerting the strongest impact. The study offers practical implications for enhancing DT readiness and provides a contextualized understanding of transformation dynamics in provincial tourism enterprises.
Digital transformation, TOE, Tourism enterprises, Phu Tho
EFFECTS OF A SIX WEEK PRANAYAMA INTERVENTION ON BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN HARYANA UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Pranayama, a yogic breathing technique, has been widely studied for its potential to improve cardiovascular health through autonomic modulation. This study evaluated the effect of a six-week structured Pranayama intervention on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among young, normotensive college students. A total of 100 participants aged 18–25 years from Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Haryana, were randomly divided into experimental (n = 50) and control (n = 50) groups. The experimental group practiced daily 40-minute Pranayama sessions including Anulom Vilom and Bhramari for six weeks, while the control group continued routine activities. SBP and DBP were measured pre- and post-intervention using a digital sphygmomanometer under standardized conditions. Results showed a significant reduction in SBP (≈9.4 mmHg) and DBP (≈6.6 mmHg) in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests confirmed significant intergroup differences, and bar charts supported the visual trend. These findings suggest that short-term, structured Pranayama practice can favorably influence cardiovascular parameters even in healthy young adults, highlighting its potential as a simple, low-cost, non-pharmacological strategy for blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular health promotion.
Pranayama, Blood pressure, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Yoga, Autonomic nervous system, Cardiovascular health, Non-pharmacological intervention, Stress reduction, Preventive health.
Anita Kumari¹, Manoj Kumar Tak*, Amit Kumar1, Maya Devi2, Aarti3, Gourav3
THE FUTURE OF LEADERSHIP: ADAPTING MANAGEMENT STYLES FOR A CHANGING WORKFORCE
The destiny of management is being reshaped by the dynamic evolution of team of workers demographics, technological innovation, and transferring worker values. As businesses transition into extra bendy, far off, and hybrid models, leaders are required to adopt greater adaptive, human-centric management patterns. The traditional authoritative method is giving way to collaborative, emotionally smart, and inclusive leadership that embraces variety, continuous getting to know, and virtual competence. Leaders should cultivate agility, cultural cognizance, and statistics-informed choice-making to satisfy the demands of a multigenerational and digitally fluent team of workers. The emergence of Gen Z and millennials inside the workplace amplifies the want for cause-pushed engagement, intellectual well-being help, and moral management. In this converting panorama, a hit leadership will hinge on the potential to construct trust, encourage innovation, and create resilient, empowered groups. This paper examines how emerging trends are influencing leadership transformation and descriptions the middle abilities crucial for navigating complexity and sustaining organizational boom inside the modern technology.
Leadership, Adaptability, Digital transformation, Workforce range, Emotional intelligence, Remote control, Inclusive management, Strategic foresight
DFT CALCULATIONS AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY ON TRIGONELLINE, A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUND OF FENUGREEK
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a medicinal plant which is widely used for its pharmacological properties. Fenugreek seeds have been extracted by soxhlet extraction method with the solvent ethanol for an alkaloid Trigonelline. In this present study extracts have been subjected to FT-Infrared and FT-Raman analysis for the structural determination of different functional groups present in spices. Quantum chemical computations such as the molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, UV-Vis spectroscopic parameters, HOMO-LUMO energies, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), natural bond orbitals (NBO), nonlinear optics (NLO) and thermodynamic properties of title molecule have been calculated by using DFT/B3LYP method with 6-311++G (d,p) basis set in ground state for the first time. The obtained results show that the calculated spectroscopic data are in a good agreement with experimental data. The time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) method was employed to predict its electronic properties, such as electronic transitions by HOMO and LUMO energies, various global reactivity and selectivity descriptors (chemical hardness, chemical potential, softness, electrophilicity index) also calculated.
MEP - Molecular electrostatic potential, NBO - Natural bond orbitals, NLO - nonlinear optics,HOMO- Higher occupied molecular orbital, LUMO- Lower unoccupied molecular orbital, TD-DFT- Time dependent density functional theory.
J. Sherin Percy Prema Leela, R. Hemamalini, S.Muthu
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF SMART ROBOTIC FOR CLINICAL WASTE HANDLING
Corona virus pandemic attacked the world's population. There is no exception in the waste management system in the process of sorting, cleaning, disposal and disinfection. Improper handling of clinical waste can pose a risk of virus infection and transmission to the public, as well as a risk of unsterile atmosphere in hospitals when in contact with humans. Smart robotic (SR) in the healthcare sector will certainly improve the above-mentioned issues\ and however, in actual application, remain limited. The research goals are, firstly, to design and develop a stand-alone robotic platform to support clinical waste disposal through a predetermined pathway and, secondly, to develop a robotic system framework fitted with a disinfection module to complement the disposal handling process. The SR has safety requirements including adequate circuit and main controller with waterproof protection and smart charger, high-capacity lead-acid battery, and low-voltage robot retainer. It also has multiple sensory systems to automatically direct the robot along the intended pathway. In addition, a high-pressure pump, a mist sprayer and a storage tank sanitizer are installed on the system. Therefore, the disease transmission will be minimized with this self-sanitizing equipment that integrates on the system. The advantages are reduced radiation exposure, increased reliability, and cost savings against clinical waste management facilities. The expected outcome is to eliminate a dangerous human risk and, finally, the proposed research could reduce virus spread. Significant change by implementing innovation in healthcare sector development, ensuring a healthy and safe environment for healthcare workers as well.
robotic; pandemic prevention, healthcare application, smart system
EVS – THE NEW ELECTRIC WAVE IN THE AUTOMOBILE SECTOR, GOVT. POLICIES AND THE INFRASTRUCTURE
In India, where environmental issues continue to rise and sustainable transportation is urgently needed, electric vehicles, or EVs, have come out as a source of hope. Government policy plays a significant role in assisting the acceptance of electric vehicles in the country; policies not only influence the adoption rate of EVs but also customer satisfaction. This in-depth examination analyses various government programs that are designed to foster the adoption of electric vehicles in India and their impact on consumer perception and satisfaction. This paper tries to investigate how programs like the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme, tax incentives, and infrastructure development impact the people's switch to electric vehicles. In spite of the achievements, there are some challenges to overcome, including a high price and a lack of adequate charging infrastructure. This review aims to identify areas where policy can be reinforced with the intention to increase customer satisfaction and uplift India's transition to electric vehicles.
Electric Vehicles (EVs), Government Policies, FAME Scheme, Customer Satisfaction, EV Adoption, Charging Infrastructure, EV Market in India, Consumer Perception, Sustainability, EV Incentives, India Electric Mobility, EV Challenges, Green Transportation, EV Infrastructure Development, Environmental Policy
IMPACT OF FAMILY MEDICINE TRAINING PROGRAMS ON HEALTHCARE OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Background: Family medicine (FM) has been identified as a vital component of primary health care (PHC) and a prerequisite for achieving Universal Health Coverage. Despite growing evidence of its usefulness in improving healthcare outcomes, a rigorous analysis of family medicine training programs' influence on health indicators is still absent. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the impact of family medicine training programs on healthcare outcomes, with a focus on patient health indicators, healthcare access, and healthcare system responsiveness. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA principles, including studies published between 2020 and 2024. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant literature. The inclusion criteria centered on studies that assessed family medicine training programs and their associated healthcare outcomes in a variety of worldwide locations. Five studies were selected for examination after a rigorous screening process. Results: The study found that well-structured family medicine training programs considerably improve healthcare outcomes. For example, training resulted in better treatment of chronic diseases like diabetes, as indicated by improved patient health indicators (e.g., HbA1c). Studies also found that training family physicians (FPs) improved healthcare access and responsiveness, allowing them to better fulfill the requirements of their communities. Holistic training techniques that include person-centered care and address socioeconomic determinants were underlined as critical for responding to changing health concerns. Discussion: The review emphasizes the transformative power of family medicine education in enhancing healthcare delivery. Investment in family medicine training improves health outcomes while also promoting equitable access to care. Continuous evaluation and customization of training curricula are critical for meeting the changing needs of healthcare systems. Conclusion: Family medicine training programs are essential for improving healthcare outcomes. A continuous commitment to developing these training paths is critical for maximizing health services and increasing health equity. Policymakers and educational institutions must work together to match training with community health needs and develop a diverse physician workforce capable of addressing existing and developing health concerns.
Family Medicine, Training, Programs, Healthcare, Outcomes, Systematic Review.
Fahad Saad Z. Alanazi, Zaid Alkhalfi Alanazi, Yusef Muhana Alenezi, Rehab Abdullah Alanazi
INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO GRADUATE UNEMPLOYED IN PONDICHERRY
Entrepreneurs play an important role in the growth and development of an economy because entrepreneurship development brings about a number of benefits. These include employment, income, improved quality of life, social advancement, poverty reduction, and others. This scenario would necessitate the emergence of young entrepreneurs particularly graduates who otherwise to a great extend depend on suitable employment opportunities but in vain. Keeping this idea in mind, this paper makes an attempt to examine to what extent, graduates in Puducherry acquaint themselves with entrepreneurial intention and behaviour which in turn would prepare them for business startups. Convenient sampling was used to collect primary data from 50 respondents. Analysis was carried out with descriptive statistic including, Factor analysis, correlation and Multiple regression. The findings show that the unemployed graduates in Puducherry had a moderate level of entrepreneurial intention and behavior. Correlation result shows that entrepreneurial intention and the entrepreneurial behavior are closely related with each other. Further, the regression analysis suggests that entrepreneurial intention had a significant impact on entrepreneurial behavior.
Entrepreneurial intention, and Entrepreneurial behaviour
COMPARISON OF WORKING CONDITIONS OF CASH WAGE AND SHARE WAGE PERMANENT FARM SERVANTS IN HARYANA
The permanent farm servant is key component of agricultural hired labour in Haryana. In closed village labour market, permanent farm servants are employed by generally big farmers for one year from May to April. There are cash wage as well as share wage permanent farm servants in Haryana. The main objective of our study is to analyze and compare the working conditions of these both types of permanent farm servants. The analysis of working conditions of share wage and cash wage permanent farm servants is based on the primary data of 220 randomly selected permanent farm servants from twenty-two villages of Haryana. One village is randomly selected from each district of Haryana. The study has tried to find out that there is any difference in working conditions of permanent farm servants on the basis of type of contract. The study found some differences in working conditions of cash wage and share wage permanent farm servants. However, the cash wage permanent farm servants enjoy all perks as share wage permanent farm servants avail and even some additional perks in Haryana.
ASSESSING DELHI’S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A FRAMEWORK-BASED ANALYSIS ALIGNED WITH THE SDGS
Urban transportation systems play a critical role in shaping the environmental, economic, and social landscape of cities. In the context of India’s capital, Delhi, multiple transportation frameworks have been introduced over the years to address mobility issues while aiming for sustainability. This study evaluates the major transportation frameworks of Delhi through the lens of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly using a 5P-based sustainability evaluation model. Expert opinion was gathered through a structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale to assess each framework's alignment with People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership dimensions. The results identified the Delhi Master Plan 2041 as the most sustainable transportation framework. The study further proposes modifications to this plan to enhance its alignment with sustainable development objectives and provides strategic recommendations for policymakers.
Sustainable Development Goals, Transportation policy evaluation, Public transportation, Multimodal integration, Traffic congestion.
Utkarsh Chaudhari, Ranganath M Singari, S L Bhandarkar
"STRATEGIES OF EMPOWERMENT: A HISTORICAL VIEW OF MAHATMA GANDHI'S SOCIO-ECONOMIC INITIATIVES"
This paper explores the socio-economic empowerment strategies of Mahatma Gandhi, examining their historical context, implementation, and lasting impact on Indian society. Gandhi’s approach, rooted in the principles of self-reliance, social equality, and community engagement, served as a transformative force in addressing the socio-economic challenges faced by India under British colonial rule. Key initiatives such as the promotion of cottage industries, the Swadeshi movement, and community-based agriculture highlight Gandhi's commitment to uplifting marginalized communities and fostering local economies. The paper illustrates the profound social changes resulting from these strategies, including increased participation from various caste groups and the empowerment of women and the “untouchables.” Additionally, the influence of Gandhi’s teachings on modern socio-economic policies, exemplified by initiatives like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” campaign, underscore the ongoing relevance of his vision in addressing contemporary challenges such as poverty and inequality. Ultimately, this study reinforces the importance of Gandhi's socio-economic strategies as a framework for sustainable development and social justice, offering valuable lessons for current and future initiatives aimed at building a more equitable society. By revisiting Gandhi's principles, both policymakers and citizens can inspire collective action toward sustainable empowerment and inclusive growth in today's complex socio-economic landscape.
Mahatma Gandhi, Socio-economic empowerment, Historical analysis, Self-reliance, Sustainable development.
LEVERAGING DIGITAL COLLABORATION TOOLS TO ENHANCE INNOVATION IN REMOTE WORK ENVIRONMENTS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING APPROACH
The global shift to remote work has underscored the importance of Digital Collaboration Tools (DCTs) in sustaining organisational performance, particularly in fostering innovation. This study investigates the relationships among Remote Work Adoption (RWA), Digital Collaboration Tool Usage (DCTU), Individual Innovation Performance (IIP), and Organisational Innovation Culture (OIC) using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Survey data from 317 professionals across industries revealed that RWA significantly predicts DCTU (β = 0.68, p < 0.001), which in turn positively influences IIP (β = 0.45, p < 0.001) and OIC (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Notably, DCTU mediates the relationship between RWA and IIP, with a significant indirect effect (β_indirect = 0.30, p < 0.01). Additionally, DCTs were perceived as highly effective in facilitating innovation, particularly in project coordination (M = 4.35) and idea sharing (M = 4.20). These findings highlight DCTs’ crucial role in driving innovation in remote work settings and offer practical implications for organisations aiming to cultivate a dynamic innovation culture.
Digital Collaboration Tools, Remote Work, Innovation Performance, Organisational Innovation Culture, Structural Equation Modelling
REMEMORY AND RESISTANCE: RACE, GENDER, AND POSTCOLONIAL TRAUMA IN TONI MORRISON’S BELOVED”
Beloved, by Toni Morrison, is still an important text that explores the lasting trauma of slavery and looking at it through today’s theories reveals more about race, gender and trauma. I expand on previous criticism by bringing postcolonial theory, memory studies and intersectional analysis and this reveals that Morrison uses personal and collective memories to rewrite history. We suggest that Morrison uses her narrative to tell a slave storey and recount memories about the African diaspora to reveal their oppressed identities and sadness passed down through generations. Beloved, the main ghost of the novel, gathers the memories of their ancestors and honours both Christian beliefs and African traditionary views. In feminist thought, Sethe’s experiences of motherhood reflect that slavery’s effects are also about gender, as she struggles to care for her children alongside a terrible past. By combining recent research and analysis, we prove that Beloved (1) inspires its audience to identify on a primal level with slaverycambridge.org and (2) prompt readers to recognise the role of slavery’s presence in current timescambridge.org. Our analysis concludes that with its stylistic approach, Beloved brings together different layers of narrative and trauma. Morrison’s novel thereby not only reimagines the slave past as lived memory but also models postcolonial resistance by reclaiming hidden histories (Lifson; Koh and Kwak).
Toni Morrison; Beloved; slavery; African American memory; trauma studies; postcolonial theory; intersectionality; gender.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF QUICK COMMERCE DELIVERY APPS ON THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OF DELIVERY WORKERS IN CHENNAI CITY
This study examines the impact of quick commerce delivery apps on the physical and mental health of delivery workers in Chennai City. With the rapid growth of quick commerce services, delivery workers face intense work pressures, long hours, and challenging conditions that may affect their well-being. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 220 delivery workers through a stratified random sampling approach. The study explores common physical ailments, such as musculoskeletal pain and fatigue, as well as mental health challenges, including stress and anxiety related to tight delivery schedules and job insecurity. Findings reveal that work-related factors like long hours, inadequate rest, and unsafe environments significantly contribute to health problems among delivery workers. The study highlights the urgent need for improved occupational health policies, enhanced safety measures, and robust mental health support systems within the quick commerce sector. Addressing these issues is essential to ensure the sustainability and efficiency of delivery services while safeguarding workers’ health and welfare.
Quick Commerce, Delivery Apps, Delivery Workers, Physical Health, Mental Health, Occupational Health, Work Stress, Gig Economy, Worker Well-being,
Dr. S. ARCHANA BAI, Dr. R. SURESH BABU, Dr K.VIJAYA CHITRA, Y.THANYA
"ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE: INDIA'S DIRECTION FROM GLOBAL EXPERIENCES" ’युक्तिः प्रधानं कार्येषु तेजस्वी भवति जगति ‘’
The incorporation of artificial intelligence has emerged as a game-changer in the global criminal justice system. This technological development not only helps in investigating monitoring and predicting crimes but is also proving to be helpful in making the judicial process and rehabilitation mechanism more efficient. Countries like the United Sates, China the United Kingdom the European Union and Russia have integrated Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the justice system at various levels while India is yet in its initial stages and is experimenting through pilot projects. While AI's potential can enhance judicial efficiency on one hand its use also raises serious ethical and legal questions such as transparency bias privacy and violation of fundamental rights. This article provides a comparative review of policies, technological tools and ethical concerns of using AI in Criminal Justice System of India and suggests how AI can be implemented in a fair transparent and human-centric manner. Perhaps the use of this technology can bring about a significant change in our judicial system. To bring in this substantial enhancement and to take it forward in a leading manner in the judicial field, we should first review various exceptions related to it, so that we can make a successful attempt to implement it in the context of Indian law. In a large country like India, despite having substantial availability of resources, we are yet to make the best use of it by channelizing the power of AI in specific domain. India's judicial system is one of the three pillars of foundation in our country and there is a frantic need to remain abreast with respect to ever emerging technology, both indigenous as well as global.
Criminal Justice, Artificial Intelligence, Monitoring and Prediction, Fundamental Rights, Policy Frameworks, Pilot Projects, Human-Centric Approach, Judicial Reform, Technology Integration, Judicial Pillar