International Development Planning Review
International Development Planning Review is a peer-reviewed journal which provides an interdisciplinary platform for the critical study of development related practices, planning and policy in the global South. The journal publishes theoretically informed and empirically grounded papers, critical reviews, and viewpoints.
THE IMPACT OF SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON INDUSTRIAL GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: ARDL-PMG APPROACH
This study examined the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on industrial growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using annual data spanning from 1986 to 2024. The study employed ARDL model to estimate the short and long relationship between the selected macroeconomic variables and industrial growth in SSA. The results of this study revealed that “there is significant positive relationship between growth rate of real gross domestic product (RGDPgr), broad money supply (MS2) and real industrial growth rate (RINDR) in the long run. The findings of the study also showed that there is significant negative relationship between unemployment rate (UNMP) and RINDR both in the short run and long run in SSA. Moreover, there is insignificant negative relationship between real interest rate (RINT), real exchange rate (REXCH) and RINDR both in the short run and long run at 5% level of significance. It was concluded as a result of the findings of the study that exchange rate volatility is a serious to threat to industrialization and is aggravating unemployment rate in some SSA countries. In line with the findings, the study recommended that governments of SSA should set on motion the machinery and strategies that can boost the growth of industries in the region so as to mitigate the high level of unemployment as well endeavour to stabilize exchange rate through appropriate policies in order to boost investment in SSA.
Adeyemi, P.A; Ajayi, G.J.; Akinbiola, F.V.; Ilori, O.O.; Oluyemi, B; Awe, F.D, Alabi, B.O.
INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE ON THE COMPRESSIVE AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
This paper investigates the influence of self-compacting concrete incorporating recycled coarse aggregate as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates. The study examined how varying replacement levels of recycled coarse aggregates ( RCA) influence the compressive and tensile strength of self compacting concrete( SCC). Six concrete mixes was produced and in each mix natural coarse aggregate was replaced by recycled coarse aggregate in the ratio of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% by volume. A 42.5N Portland cement (PC) conforming to BS 12 (1996) and superplasticizing admixture- to maintain a nominal slump of 75mm were used throughout the work for concrete production. . The hardened concrete was tested for 3, 7, 28 and 90 days compressive strength and 28 days tensile strength as per relevant BS codes. For Compressive strength test 72 numbers of 100mm size cube specimens were cast, whereas for tensile strength test 18 cylinder specimens of 150mm diameter and 300 mm height were cast. . The result reveals that as the percentage of recycled aggregate increases the compressive strength of the SCC decreases.The strength investigation shows that, in all the mixes compressive and tensile strength has inverse relationship with percentage of recycled coarse aggregate. This is a consequence of adhered mortar attached to recycle aggregate contributing for weaker interfacial transition zone. Findings indicate that while RCA generally reduces mechanical properties due to its higher porosity and weaker interfacial transition zone, the extent of reduction depends heavily on the replacement percentage and the inclusion of mineral admixtures. . Future applications should focus on optimized replacement levels, typically below 25%, to maintain high-performance mechanical characteristics.
Engr. Dr. C. Odenigbo and Chukwuneduzor Chioke
DIGITAL MARKETING STRATEGIES AND CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT AMONG RETAIL CONSUMERS IN PALAKKAD DISTRICT – INDIA
The rapid growth of digital technologies has significantly transformed the retail sector by enabling businesses to adopt integrated digital marketing strategies that enhance customer interactions and influence purchasing decisions. Despite the increasing adoption of digital marketing practices, empirical evidence regarding the mechanisms through which these strategies affect consumer buying behaviour remains limited, particularly in regional retail markets. This study examined the influence of digital marketing strategies on consumer buying behaviour by investigating the mediating role of consumer engagement among retail consumers in Palakkad District, Kerala, India. Guided by the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) theory, digital marketing strategies were conceptualized as a higher-order construct comprising social media marketing, email marketing, mobile marketing, online advertising, online reviews, and personalized digital communication. A quantitative research approach was employed using a cross-sectional survey design, and primary data were collected from retail consumers through a structured questionnaire. The proposed research model was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the measurement model, structural relationships, and mediation effects. The findings revealed that digital marketing strategies significantly and positively influenced consumer engagement and consumer buying behaviour. Consumer engagement also exhibited a significant positive effect on consumer buying behaviour and partially mediated the relationship between digital marketing strategies and consumer buying behaviour. The study extends the application of the Stimulus–Organism–Response theory by demonstrating the mediating role of consumer engagement in digital retail environments. The findings provide practical insights for retailers and marketing practitioners by emphasizing the importance of integrated digital marketing strategies in strengthening consumer engagement and improving purchasing behaviour. The study contributes to the growing literature on digital marketing and consumer behaviour by providing empirical evidence from an emerging regional retail market in India.
SYMBOLIC CONSUMPTION AND SELF-PRESENTATION AS COMPENSATORY CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOUR(CCB): MEASURING IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT, FOMO, AND INGRATIATION IN FASHION JEWELLERY PURCHASE
This study examines the role of symbolic consumption and self-presentation as elements of Compensatory Consumption Behaviour(CCB) in influencing fashion jewellery purchase behaviour among working women in the Chennai region, with a specific focus on impression management, fear of missing out (FOMO), and ingratiation. Drawing on survey data collected from working women across diverse professional backgrounds, the research employs quantitative analysis to evaluate how these psychological and social factors shape purchase intentions. The findings reveal that impression management significantly drives consumers to select jewellery that enhances their social image, while FOMO encourages trend-driven and impulsive buying decisions. Ingratiation further influences purchase behaviour as individuals seek social approval and acceptance through their choices. The study highlights the growing importance of symbolic meaning in fashion consumption and offers valuable insights for marketers to design targeted strategies that appeal to consumers’ self-presentation motives.
Symbolic Consumption, Compensatory Consumption Behavior(CCB), Self-Presentation, Impression Management, FOMO, Ingratiation, Fashion Jewellery, Purchase Intention, Working Women, Chennai Regio.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Development Planning Review
EV-OLUTION GREEN DRIVE IN CHENNAI: TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES AND SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT
The study examines the transition from traditional fuel vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) in Chennai and evaluates their role in promoting sustainable transportation. It compares the perceptions of 80 traditional vehicle owners and 70 EV owners to assess cost-effectiveness, charging infrastructure, public awareness, environmental benefits, and policy support. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using percentage analysis, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. The findings reveal that EV owners experience significantly lower operating costs, greater satisfaction, and stronger confidence in the long-term economic benefits of electric mobility. The study also identifies higher awareness of charging infrastructure and stronger environmental concern among EV owners. Significant relationships were found between awareness, attitude, and support for EV adoption. The research concludes that expanding charging infrastructure, strengthening financial incentives, and enhancing public awareness are essential to accelerate Chennai's transition towards green mobility and sustainable urban transportation while contributing to reduced carbon emissions and improved environmental sustainability.
Electric Vehicles (EVs), Sustainable Transportation, Green Mobility, Charging Infrastructure, Chennai.
ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND WORK-LIFE BALANCE IN JOB STRESS AMONG FACULTY MEMBERS OF AUTONOMOUS COLLEGES
The higher education sector has undergone substantial transformation in recent years, resulting in increasing academic, administrative and professional responsibilities for faculty members. Faculty members in autonomous colleges are expected to perform multiple roles, including teaching, student mentoring, research, curriculum development, examination responsibilities, institutional administration, accreditation-related activities and participation in extension programmes. These expanding responsibilities may contribute to job stress and may also interfere with the personal and family domains of faculty members. In this context, emotional intelligence and work-life balance have emerged as important personal and organizational resources that may influence the experience of job stress. The present study examines the role of emotional intelligence and work-life balance in job stress among faculty members of autonomous colleges. The study adopts a quantitative research design based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire. For demonstrating the proposed statistical analysis, an illustrative dataset of 180 faculty members is used. Emotional intelligence, work-life balance and job stress were measured using five-item Likert-type scales. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationships among the variables. The illustrative findings indicate that emotional intelligence has a significant negative relationship with job stress, while work-life balance also has a significant negative relationship with job stress. Emotional intelligence is positively associated with work-life balance. Multiple regression results indicate that both emotional intelligence and work-life balance significantly predict job stress, with work-life balance showing a relatively stronger predictive contribution. The model explains approximately 25.5% of the variance in job stress. The findings suggest that strengthening emotional awareness, emotional regulation, interpersonal skills and institutional work-life balance practices can contribute to reducing job stress among faculty members. The study recommends that autonomous colleges introduce faculty development programmes focusing on emotional intelligence, workload management, counselling, time management, flexible work practices, supportive leadership and institutional mechanisms for maintaining work-life balance.
Emotional Intelligence, Work-Life Balance, Job Stress, Faculty Members, Autonomous Colleges, Higher Education, Occupational Stress
Gugulothu Sravanthi, Dr. K. Sreekanth, Dr. Shravani Balmore, Dr. Vasudha Kurikala, Dr. Jostna Kumar Gantepogu
DIETARY PATTERNS AND NUTRITIONAL AWARENESS AMONG LATER ADOLESCENTS IN CHENNAI: A PILOT STUDY
Background: The period of adolescence is a time of growth and development that requires the adoption of healthy eating habits and adequate nutrition awareness for future health and well-being. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the dietary pattern and nutritional awareness of the later adolescents (17–19 years old) in rural and urban areas of Chennai, India. Methods: The approach adopted was a cross-sectional pilot study involving 51 later adolescents by administering a structured questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaire included socio-demographic, eating habits and nutritional awareness information. Jamovi (version 2.6.26) was used to analyse data. The dietary behaviours were analysed by descriptive data, frequency distribution, reliability analysis (Cronbach's α) and Chi-square tests were conducted to explore the differences between nutritional awareness and place of residence Results: The findings showed that many of the participants consumed the breakfast regularly and consumed appropriate number of meals and fruits and vegetables daily. Unhealthy eating habits, however, were also noted including skipping meals, eating lots of snacks, eating late at night, and eating out at restaurants. The internal consistency of the dietary pattern scale was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.739). Some nutritional awareness variables were found to differ significantly between the teens in the rural and urban areas (p< 0.05) such as knowledge on the sources of vitamin C, protein and health risks from overconsumption of sugar. Conclusion: The study offers preliminary evidence of later adolescents' healthy and unhealthy eating habits, as well as of nutritional awareness levels. The results indicate the need to further enhance nutrition education in the schools, home, and community. The pilot study also proves the feasibility and reliability of the research instrument for the larger study on adolescents in Chennai.
Dietary patterns; Nutritional awareness; Later adolescents; Rural–urban differences; Pilot study Chennai
MEDIA INFLUENCE ON CHANGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
This research investigated the impact of media on organizational change management practices, focusing on the role of effective communication in driving successful change implementation. A quantitative research approach using a descriptive survey method was utilized, gathering data from 150 participants through a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, alongside inferential statistics to assess the link between media influence and change management practices. Results indicated that media significantly support successful organizational change by fostering communication, boosting employee engagement, mitigating resistance to change, and building trust between management and staff. The study emphasized the importance of timely information dissemination through traditional and digital media in enhancing employees' comprehension and acceptance of organizational change efforts. Conversely, inadequate media communication was associated with misunderstandings and resistance during the change process. The study underscored the vital role of effective media communication in successful change management practices, suggesting that organizations should invest in modern communication technologies, develop comprehensive communication strategies, and prioritize transparent and timely information sharing to enhance employee involvement and ensure the successful execution of organizational change initiatives. This research contributes valuable insights to the field of organizational communication and offers practical guidance for managers, policymakers, and prospective researchers.
Media Influence, Change Management, Organizational Communication, Employee Engagement, Organizational Change.
Dr. Heavens Ugochukwu Obasi, Dr. Shaibu Ogwuche Gabriel, Dr. Echetama Chioma Forstina, Dr. Mbaegbu Roseline Ebere Vivian, Okebaram Humphrey Chibo, Dr. Sella Nwakanma
FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND THE INFORMAL SECTOR TAX BASE: DOES DIGITAL PAYMENTS FACILITATE OR DETER TAX COMPLIANCE?
The proliferation of digital payment systems has fundamentally transformed the economic architecture of developing and emerging market economies, raising profound questions about the relationship between financial inclusion and tax compliance among informal sector participants. This paper examines the dual nature of digital financial services as both a potential tool for expanding the tax base and a mechanism through which informal economic actors may navigate, or circumvent, formal fiscal obligations. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from information economics, institutional theory, and behavioral economics, alongside empirical evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Latin America, this study investigates whether digital payment adoption facilitates or deters tax compliance in informal economies. The analysis reveals a nuanced picture: while digital payment trails create unprecedented opportunities for tax authorities to observe previously opaque economic transactions, structural barriers including digital literacy gaps, trust deficits, and inadequate regulatory frameworks often undermine compliance gains. The paper argues that the net fiscal effect of digital payment adoption depends critically on the complementary institutional environment, including the design of tax incentive structures, the capacity of revenue authorities, and the inclusiveness of financial regulation. Policy implications center on the need for integrated strategies that pair financial digitization with proportionate, trust-building tax frameworks tailored to the heterogeneous character of the informal sector.
Dr. Sujit Dey; Dr.Chandra Mohan Singh; Dr.Payal Dubey; Dr.Suresh Kumar Pattanayak; Dr. Ila Dixit
SOCIAL BUSINESS SECTOR DYNAMICS: THE COMPERATIVE ANALYSIS OF TURKEY AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of social business sector dynamics in Türkiye and other developing countries. The study focuses on social business sector dynamics, including legal frameworks, financial ecosystems, countries' social innovation capacity, demographic participation, and cultural-contextual factors, across 20 countries. The social business sector is characterized by responsible approaches to products and services. However, there is limited research in the literature on the mechanisms supporting these responsible approaches, the strategies necessary for long-term sustainability, and the dynamics driving the sector's development. While governments and sector players express short-term support for the social business sector, the lack of long-term planning and sustainability goals for this sector is striking. Social business sector players generally respond reactively to environmental changes rather than proactively supporting existing conditions in almost all countries under study. In summary, the study aims to examine the dynamics of the social business sector in Turkey and other developing countries and to highlight the need for strategic policies and institutional frameworks that foster innovation and ensure long-term sustainability. The research examines the responses of 180 experts from 20 countries who participated in the International Academic Social Business Sector Workshop (2020) held in Turkey. In this context, factor analysis is used to compare social business sector dynamics across regions. The research findings highlight the importance of responsible business practices and social inclusion in promoting economic and social development. Through comparative analysis, factors that support or hinder the sustainable growth of the social enterprise sector are identified, and it is concluded that government policies and institutional support are important in shaping social entrepreneurship potential. Although some countries have initiated some studies for the development of this social business sector and taken steps on a macro scale, it cannot be said that they have reached the targeted point yet. For example, when country experts were asked about their opinions on whether the human resources in their countries were sufficient to sustain social investments in the social business sector, more than half of the country participants stated that the human resources were insufficient in this sector. They suggested that trainings be planned to increase qualified human resources. When the same experts were asked about their opinions on whether the social business sector was sufficiently full of social initiatives and social innovations, they stated that there were not enough social initiatives and social innovations; there were serious gaps and deficiencies in this area. In fact, out of the 20 participating countries, only 2, excluding Turkey, stated that there were sufficient social enterprises and social innovations in their countries. The findings highlight the importance of responsible business practices and social participation in fostering economic and social development. Through comparative analysis, the study seeks to uncover the factors that either support or hinder the sustainable growth of the social business sector, emphasizing the role of government policies and institutional support in shaping its entrepreneurial potential. To sum up, while Turkey’s social business sector shows immense promise, its long-term success will depend on the alignment of institutional reforms, entrepreneurial mindsets, and strategic planning. For this sector to transition from reactive to proactive responses, a more structured, sustainable ecosystem must emerge—one that combines innovation with long-term vision and leverages both social and financial capital. Further research in this area will contribute significantly to both the academic literature and policy-making, ensuring that social businesses are adequately supported in their journey toward achieving systemic and transformative social change.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Duygu HIDIROĞLU, Dr. Resul Çelik
THE EFFECTS OF BANK RELIABILITY AND GOVERNMENT SUPPORT ADEQUACY ON ENTERPRISES’ FINANCIAL RESOURCE ALLOCATION STRATEGIES IN CRISIS PERIOD: A QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS
This study aims to provide in-depth information on financial resource allocation strategies, which have greatly helped enterprises and all enterprises and have become increasingly important in eliminating many negativities such as rapidly changing market conditions, uncertainties, etc. caused by crisis periods such as war, pandemic, etc. in recent times. In this study, first the strategies of enterprises during crisis periods based on Game Theory will be discussed. Besides, the effects of reliability of banks and adequacy of government incentives on entrepreneurs' financial resource allocation decisions during crisis periods will be explained by the results of relation-based regression analysis. The data to be used to test the hypotheses of this research is taken from the GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) and the Global Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum, which provides data on the financial systems of countries, is also used in the study. The data of entrepreneurs who engaged in entrepreneurial activity between 2019 and 2024 making a profit for more than 3.5 years, was used. In the study, 77 country data from GEM was used at the institutional level. The data was gathered from 15,000 company executives worldwide. As in the GEM data, the GCI (Global Competitiveness Index) between 2019 and 2024 is used for the study. All hypotheses are accepted in the study. Thus, both of two independent variables (reliability of banks and adequacy of government incentives) have impact on the dependent variable “the strategic management capability of enterprises in allocating financial resources during crisis period”. Yet, adequacy of government incentives has more impact on “the strategic management capability of enterprises in allocating financial resources during crisis period” than reliability of banks. To sum, this study draws attention to the importance of financial resource allocation strategies of enterprises during the crisis period and encourages future studies to test variables different from the independent variables of the study.
IMPACT OF LULC CHANGE ON FLOOD EVENTS AND HEC-RAS TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING IN THE HIMALAYAN BEAS RIVER BASIN
Abstract— Floods are the most significant and recurrent natural hazards. The Himalayan river basin has been facing increasing flood risk due to the combined effects of land use and land cover (LULC) changes, rapid urbanization, and climate change. The Beas basin in Himachal Pradesh is one of the most dynamic and hazard-prone river basins. In recent years, the region has experienced repeated flood events resulting in extensive property damage and loss of life. This necessitates an integrated approach for flood risk management. The present research uses HEC-RAS two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling to assess the flood dynamics in response to LULC changes in the Beas River Basin. LULC changes have been analysed in GIS. A 2-D hydrodynamic model for the Beas River basin was developed using spatially extracted cross sections and recorded stream flow data to analyse extreme flood events. Analysis of water levels, stream discharges, and river cross sections was carried out. The model calibration and validation predict a good output agreement with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.87. The flood simulation results were integrated into GIS to develop the flood inundation maps. The results of this study show considerable LULC changes in the region, with a significant increase in the built-up areas and a decrease in the green cover. The study also provides a scientific basis for flood hazard mapping, land use regulations, and integrated flood risk management in the Himalayan River basins.
Abhinam Bhardwaj, Neetu Kapoor, Vijay Kumar Bansal
SCALABLE SAS-BASED ARCHITECTURE FOR ENTERPRISE CREDIT RISK DATA PROCESSING IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS
The growing volume and complexity of financial data have created significant challenges for enterprise credit risk management systems. Traditional on-premises infrastructures often struggle to process large-scale credit risk datasets efficiently, resulting in increased operational costs and limited scalability. This study proposes a scalable SAS-based architecture for enterprise credit risk data processing in cloud environments. The proposed framework integrates SAS analytical capabilities with cloud-native computing resources to support efficient data ingestion, transformation, risk modeling, and reporting processes. A hypothetical experimental methodology was employed to evaluate the architecture using enterprise-scale credit risk datasets under varying workload conditions. The results demonstrated substantial improvements in processing performance, throughput, resource utilization, and system scalability. The architecture effectively supported concurrent processing jobs while maintaining high system availability and operational reliability. Furthermore, the implementation of security controls and compliance mechanisms ensured secure handling of sensitive financial data. The findings indicate that cloud-based SAS architectures provide a flexible, scalable, and cost-effective solution for modern credit risk analytics and portfolio management.
STRATEGIES FOR AN URBAN ACCESSIBILITY SYSTEM TOWARDS IMPROVING SUSTAINABILITY OF AN URBAN FORM
Accessibility in the urban areas has emerged as a key ingredient in determining sustainable development of cities due to the rapid urbanization and growth in transport demand. The increasing reliance on cars has contributed to congestion, environmental degradation, which underscores the necessity of integrated accessibility-based planning. This paper tries to understand the linkage between urban accessibility systems and the sustainability of urban form by suggesting strategic interventions to integrate transport planning and land-use design. It relies on a comprehensive literature review including global and Indian research, and statistical evaluation techniques, including Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), traffic optimization and GIS-based analysis. The existing literature underlines the importance of compact urban shapes, mixed spatial use, and transit-oriented development in improving accessibility and alleviating environmental impacts. However, limited studies integrate these factors into a unified framework. The findings suggest that multimodal transport systems, high-density development, and availability of services are all significant factors contributing to sustainable urban form. Non-motorized transport promotion, enhancement of public transport, and land-use planning are some of the strategies that can contribute immensely to the sustainability results. The researchers conclude that a quality urban accessibility system, which is backed by policy and planning interventions, is the key to attaining the long-term urban sustainability.
Ar. Sanjay W. Deshmukh*, Dr Pankaj N. Bahadure, Dr. Vijay S. Kapse
THE CONFLICT BETWEEN HUMAN DESIRE AND SOCIAL REALITY IN HARDY’S FICTION
Thomas Hardy is one of the most important Victorian novelists who always play with the conflict between character's choices and the restrictions of social circumstances. His characters struggle against a rigid social hierarchy, social norms, gender norms and fate as they seek out love, happiness, class mobility and personal freedom. The present paper looks at the clash between social reality and human desire in Hardy's fiction with a primary emphasis on the novel Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), Jude the Obscure (1895), and Far from the Madding Crowd (1874). The study aims to show the influence of society on individuals' ambition and emotional fulfillment in these novels by analysing them. The paper states that Hardy's tragic vision is the result of the conflict between man's aspirations and the social world of Victorian England. Hardy reveals the pain that social norms and institutional barriers inflict, criticizing Victorian morality and emphasizing the vulnerability of people who are fighting against forces that they cannot control.
ETHICS BY DESIGN IN THE INDIAN STATE: IMPLEMENTING ALGORITHMIC AUDITS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Algorithmic decision-making systems have been proliferating in Indian public administration, from the delivery of welfare benefits to tax assessment, policing, and judicial support, and this has further galvanized the need for structural accountability mechanisms. This paper explores the conceptual and institutional infrastructure necessary to incorporate ethics by design as part of the Indian State Governance agenda, especially when considering algorithmic auditing and Algorithmic Impact Assessments (AIAs). Based on the comparative evidence of the European Union's Algorithmic Impact Assessment regime, Canada's Algorithmic Impact Assessment framework, and the current preliminary stage of regulatory activity in India, the research explores the institutional requirements, constitutional duties (under Article 14 and 21), and gaps in governance for a strong national framework. The paper presents evidence from more than fifteen major government deployments of AI – such as AI-Aadhaar for biometric authentication, AI-based PMGKAY beneficiary identification, and predictive policing pilots – showing how these are systematically excluding marginalised communities, being kept opaque, and affecting them disproportionately. The model used in this paper is a multi-tiered AIA that is tailored to the risk profile of the administrative applications. It believes that the concept of ethics by design needs to be accompanied by a critical rethinking of the culture of bureaucracy, laws, and the role of civil society in order to make algorithmic systems work in line with the constitutional principle of justice, equity, and human dignity in India.
CRISIS-DRIVEN INNOVATION: SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN INDIA
India's energy sector stands at a historic crossroads, where recurrent crises spanning two decades—from fossil fuel price shocks and power-supply shortfalls to climate-change imperatives and geopolitical disruptions—have paradoxically catalysed some of the most ambitious and analytically significant sustainable energy management strategies witnessed in any rapidly industrialising economy. This paper provides a multi-dimensional examination of crisis-driven innovation from 2005 to 2026, examining how the energy system has been challenged collectively by fiscal shocks, supply shortages, climatic needs, and governance shortcomings, and how these shocks have collectively driven structural changes, spurred the faster rollout of clean energy technologies, and transformed energy transition institutional and regulatory frameworks in India. The study draws on data compiled from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), International Energy Agency (IEA), NITI Aayog, Central Electricity Authority (CEA), and peer-reviewed literature from Scopus and Web of Science to analyse installed capacity trajectories, looking at a 127.7 GW system in 2005 through to a projected 535.5 GW by 2026; policy programme outcomes; subnational variation between different states; and frontier technology ecosystems around green hydrogen, battery storage, offshore wind and AI-based grid management. The key findings indicate that India has increased its renewable energy capacity by about 263 GW by 2026, decreased carbon intensity, and achieved near-universal electrification, while also creating competitive domestic manufacturing ecosystems and raising renewable energy capacity by 40 times since 2005. Persistent challenges include Discom's financial fragility, grid integration constraints, supply chain dependencies, and the imperative of a just and inclusive transition for coal-dependent communities. The paper concludes with a forward-looking five-pillar policy framework centred on Discom reform, grid modernisation, manufacturing indigenisation, green hydrogen scale-up, and just transition governance.
Dr.Addala Naveen Kumar, Dr.Kancharla Kavya, Mangali Raghu
EXPLORING MODULAR HOUSING AS A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR URBAN DENSIFICATION
As urban populations continue to rise globally, the demand for sustainable and affordable housing has intensified, highlighting the need for innovative solutions in urban development. Modular housing has emerged as a potential solution to address the challenges of urban densification by offering a more cost-effective, resource-efficient, and faster construction alternative compared to traditional housing methods. This paper explores the viability of modular housing as a sustainable solution for urban densification, examining recent advancements in modular construction technologies, its environmental, social, and economic benefits, and the challenges hindering its widespread adoption. By analyzing case studies and technological innovations such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence, and renewable energy integration, this review identifies modular housing’s potential to meet the housing needs of rapidly growing urban populations. Despite its advantages, barriers such as regulatory constraints, market perceptions, and design limitations remain significant obstacles. To overcome these challenges, this paper advocates for regulatory reforms, investment in research and development, and enhanced stakeholder education. The findings suggest that modular housing can play a pivotal role in shaping sustainable urban development, contributing to more resilient and inclusive urban environments.
Hady Hafezieh, Faranak Shahidirad, Hong Zhang
THE INTERPLAY OF FOLKLORE AND PHILOSOPHY IN THE SHORT STORIES OF MANOJ DAS: A CRITICAL STUDY
This paper presents a critical analysis of the interplay of folklore and philosophy in Manoj Das's short stories. A prominent figure of twentieth-century Indian literature, Das is known for his bilingual literary productions in English and Odia. He is unique in modern Indian literature for his capacity to bring into conversation the oral and the narrative with deep philosophical enquiry. This paper engages in a qualitative, interpretative analysis of a series of short stories, and shows that for Das, folklore is not only a narrative strategy but a site for philosophical exploration of ethics, human life, and salvation. In placing his work in the context of Indian intellectual history and contemporary literary debates, the paper suggests that Das builds a narrative epistemology based on indigenous knowledge systems. He universalises local myths, legends and traditions in his stories, presenting them as meditations on morality, spirituality and the world. The research concludes that the blending of folklore and philosophy in Das’s stories complicates Western binary oppositions between reason and imagination, and presents an integrated view of human life.
ETHICS, MYSTICISM, AND INDIAN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS IN THE FICTION OF MANOJ DAS
This paper examines the interplay of ethics, mysticism, and Indian philosophy in the fiction of Manoj Das, highlighting how his stories transcend simple narration to explore deeper moral and metaphysical concerns. Rooted in India’s cultural and spiritual traditions, his works blend realism with the supernatural, transforming ordinary experiences into reflections on human existence. Ethical inquiry in his fiction is presented as a dynamic, evolving process shaped by personal consciousness, moral dilemmas, and lived experience, with characters undergoing significant inner transformation. The study also analyzes mysticism as both a narrative and philosophical tool, where supernatural elements like visions and divine interventions symbolize psychological and spiritual truths rather than fantasy. It further situates Das within Indian philosophical traditions such as Vedanta, Advaita, and Buddhism, showing how concepts like karma, maya, dharma, and moksha are seamlessly integrated into his narratives. Through narrative technique, characterization, and thematic analysis, the paper demonstrates how Das bridges traditional spirituality and modern literature. His fiction ultimately promotes a holistic vision of life, emphasizing moral awareness and spiritual realization, while offering readers both aesthetic engagement and a path toward introspection.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Development Planning Review
SYSTEMS THINKING IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONS: APPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND OUTCOMES
Modern organizations operate in environments shaped by interdependence, technological acceleration, shifting stakeholder expectations and repeated disruption. Traditional linear approaches to planning often fail because they separate problems into isolated departments and overlook feedback effects that connect strategy, culture, processes and performance. This article explores systems thinking as a managerial capability for understanding organizations as dynamic, interconnected wholes. The study examines how systems thinking is applied in decision making, cross-functional coordination, learning, risk management and productivity improvement, while also identifying implementation challenges and expected outcomes. A descriptive and analytical research design is adopted, using a structured questionnaire administered to 90 employees from diverse functional areas. Four objectives guide the inquiry: to assess applications of systems thinking, examine challenges, evaluate its relationship with organizational outcomes and suggest practical improvement measures. Four statistical tests are presented, including a one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and one-way ANOVA. The illustrative findings indicate that systems thinking practices are perceived above average, show a positive relationship with organizational outcomes, and are especially influenced by feedback learning and cross-functional integration. The article concludes that systems thinking strengthens adaptability, employee collaboration and decision quality when supported by leadership commitment, shared data and continuous learning and sustainable change capacity.
Systems thinking; modern organizations; organizational learning; complexity; productivity; decision making.
THE ROLE OF YI EMBROIDERY IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY.
Developing tourism has become an effective means of boosting the economy, increasing employment, and expanding the consumer market in ethnic minority regions. It is also a key pillar industry for improving the living standards of people in these regions. During tourism consumption, tourist products serve as a crucial medium and connection for tourists to obtain meaningful souvenirs. With the continuous advancement of China's tourism industry, demand for tourism products with regional characteristics is increasing. Due to the relatively late development of tourism in ethnic minority regions, there is still significant room for development in the tourism economy. Tourism products, in particular, have been relatively underdeveloped. The market for personalized, locally distinctive tourism products is particularly promising, especially in southwestern China's ethnic minority regions, where local tourism products offer significant market potential and development value. Yi embroidery is an ancient and magnificent craft, a representative item of China's national intangible cultural heritage. Its rich colors and harmonious patterns embody the Yi people's yearning for a better life. In the development of tourism projects with Chinese characteristics, fully showcasing the unique Yi embroidery culture can better reflect the diversity of Chinese culture, promote global recognition of Yi culture, and promote the prosperity and development of tourism culture in Yi regions.
Specialized tourism, Yi embroidery, Yi culture, development
E-GOVERNANCE ADOPTION AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY IN ANDHRA PRADESH: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF CITIZEN-CENTRIC SERVICE DELIVERY
The reorganisation of Andhra Pradesh in 2014 presented a unique governance challenge: a newly constituted state government was compelled to rebuild its administrative infrastructure while simultaneously accelerating digital service delivery for approximately 49 million citizens across 13 districts. This paper empirically examines e-governance adoption and its impact on administrative efficiency in the post-bifurcation Andhra Pradesh, drawing on a stratified survey of 480 citizens across six purposively selected districts (2016–17), official MeeSeva transaction records, government administrative efficiency data, and secondary sources. The study employs multiple regression analysis, descriptive statistics, and comparative pre/post assessment to evaluate the effectiveness of citizen-centric e-services—principally MeeSeva, AP Online, eSeva, and the e-District portal—in streamlining public service delivery. Results show that the most significant factors influencing the adoption of e-services are digital literacy (β = 0.341), internet access (β = 0.298), and perceived ease of use (β = 0.264). The indicators of administrative efficiency have also greatly improved, dropping by 78.1% in the average time to issue a certificate and rising by 402% in the number of online service transactions during the same period (2013-2016). But there are significant educational and rural–urban gaps that limit inclusive adoption. The paper concludes with policy recommendations oriented toward infrastructure augmentation, digital literacy programming, and institutional capacity building to realise equitable e-governance outcomes.
e-governance; MeeSeva; digital service delivery; administrative efficiency; Andhra Pradesh; citizen satisfaction; digital divide; TAM
Copyright (c) 2017 International Development Planning Review
“THE PARTITION OF INDIA: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND THE LONG-TERM IMPACTS ON SOCIETY”
The Partition of India in 1947 was a transformative event that created two independent nations, India and Pakistan, and was marked by unprecedented communal violence, mass migrations, and profound societal changes. This paper explores the historical perspectives leading to the Partition, analyzing the political, social, and economic factors that shaped this momentous occasion. The findings indicate that the Partition resulted in the displacement of approximately 15 million people and the loss of an estimated two million lives due to communal violence. The long-term impacts of the Partition on society are multifaceted, influencing communal relations, identity formation, and socioeconomic conditions in both India and Pakistan. Contemporary relevance is found in the ongoing communal tensions, identity politics, and economic disparities within both nations, which can be traced back to the events of 1947. The narratives surrounding the Partition continue to frame national identities and impact political discourse, demonstrating the need for a reconciliatory approach that acknowledges shared histories. Understanding the legacy of the Partition is essential for addressing current societal challenges and fostering mutual understanding between communities. This exploration emphasizes the importance of historical memory in shaping contemporary politics and the necessity for dialogue and inclusion in the pursuit of social cohesion and stability in the region.
Partition of India, Historical perspectives, Communal violence, Migration, Societal impact, Indo-Pakistani relations
CENTRALISED MODELS TO DECENTRALIZED GOVERNANCE: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN INDIAN EDUCATION
Educational development planning in India has traditionally been an important instrument of socio-economic transformation ‘, equity promotion and nation-building. Since independence, India has depended on structured planning frameworks to expand access, improve quality and address systemic inequalities. This paradigm has gradually shifted from a centralised model under the Five-Year Plans of India to a more decentralized and participatory governance structure, strengthened by reforms such as the National Education Policy 2020. This paper critically analyses this transition through the theoretical lenses of Human Capital Theory, Capability Approach and decentralisation theory. It also uses recent empirical evidence and secondary data to evaluate the effectiveness of educational planning in India. Findings show that while decentralisation has improved local responsiveness and participation, persistent challenges such as inequitable financing, governance inefficiencies, and implementation gaps still impede outcomes (Tilak, 2018; Mehrotra, 2019; KPMG, 2020). The study suggests a hybrid planning model that integrates’ centralised strategic vision with decentralised implementation to realise sustainable and inclusive educational development.
Educational Planning, Decentralization, Governance in Education,Educational equity, Learning outcomes
HR EXCELLENCE IN GUJARAT: LINKING PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING, DECISION STYLES AND LIFELONG LEARNING
This research study explores the correlation between psychological wellbeing, decision-making styles and lifelong learning tendency among the HR professionals in Gujarat. Established indicators were adopted to gather data from 107 respondents in a quantitative, cross-sectional strategy. The results of regression and correlation tests indicated that lifelong learning tendency and decision-making styles have a significant strong correlation with psychological wellbeing. Further, decision-making style functioned as a partial intermediary between psychological wellbeing and lifelong learning tendency and remained a significant indicator of lifelong learning tendency. The findings appear to indicate that psychological wellbeing facilitates adaptive decision-making which affirms dedication of the HR professionals towards lifelong learning. This study presents empirical data from a regional Indian setting, underscoring the necessity of promoting emotional wellbeing and decision-making skills to inspire and qualify HR professionals for lifelong learning.
Psychological Wellbeing, Decision-making styles, Lifelong learning tendency, HR Professionals, Gujarat, Mediation, Reliability
ENHANCING PATIENT CARE RESULTS VIA NURSING AND LABORATORY COOPERATION
The precise functions of nursing and phlebotomy are explained in this essay, along with the significance of good communication between the two professions. Each topic is presented, however there will be some blurring because of how closely related they are to one another. Nursing includes providing independent and cooperative care for people of all ages, families, groups, and communities, whether they are ill or well, and in any situation. Assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, execution, and evaluation are all part of nursing. In the health and community sectors, registered and enrolled nurses and other staff members work in a wide range of private and public settings. The procedure of obtaining a blood sample for laboratory testing includes phlebotomy alone. Laboratory tests are also utilized for diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, and evaluation. From a simple one-page request form and a single patient treatment to complex care for a patient with a chronic illness requiring years of testing and therapies, this connection between nursing and the lab can take many different forms. Patients frequently move between community and hospital settings while receiving the same care in today's healthcare system. The nurse may find it challenging to make sure the tests are performed and to monitor the outcomes in certain situations. For high priority diagnostics with a limited treatment pathway, this is especially crucial. The urgent necessity to give a level 1 platelet transfusion to a patient who has a life-threatening hemorrhage or to confirm service for a patient who has just fasted for six hours while waiting for a blood sugar test are two examples that practically any nurse can relate to.
Bader khalaf Q Alruwaily*, Ahmed Abdullah. Al Jouan, Nadia Mubarak Alharthy, Mona Mutlaq K Almutairi, Ali Ibrahim Al Othman, Abdulaziz Ghanim Abdulaziz Alghani, Altuwayjiri, Ibrahim Saleh I
QUEST FOR SELF AND SEARCH FOR IDENTITY IN CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI’S SISTER OF MY HEART AND THE VINE OF DESIRE
A woman’s search for self-identity is closely connected to her religious, social, ethnic, and public environment. Her circumstances are often unpredictable and vary in different parts of world. This makes gender roles complex and challenging. While both men and women struggle with identity, women face additional difficulties in being recognized as individuals. As they explore their strengths and weaknesses, their journey becomes even more complicated. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s female characters come from different backgrounds, and her novels are set in both India and America. Her Indian women find themselves caught between these two countries, struggling with social changes that affect their sense of self. They face challenges in understanding who they are and where they belong. This article explores the identity crisis in Divakaruni’s novels “Sister of My Heart and The Vine of Desire”.
: quest for self, quest for identity, identity crisis, women’s identity, feminism.
EXPLORING SOCIAL HIERARCHY IN THE CANTERBURY TALES: A STUDY OF SELECTED CHARACTERS
The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387-1400) by Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the most sophisticated literary portrayals of medieval English society, providing an unmatched panoramic of social types by way of the popular literary convention of the pilgrimage. This paper conducts a close textual and social-literary reading of a number of characters from the General Prologue and the Tales themselves, exploring how Chaucer employs characterisation, irony, satire and narrative point of view to expose, entrench and destabilise the social hierarchy of fourteenth-century England. Through an analysis grounded in the Estates tradition, Bakhtinian carnival theory, and Marxist literary analysis, the paper concludes that Chaucer does not uncritically endorse or reject the tripartite structure of the Estates, but instead positions himself in an in-between critical position, highlighting tensions of late medieval social organisation. Five exemplars-the Knight, the Prioress, the Miller, the Wife of Bath, and the Pardoner-are considered here to exemplify the estates of nobility, clergy and commons, with attention being paid to issues of gender and transgressive subjectivity. The paper argues that Chaucer's social world is doubly understood as naturalised and inverted, allowing the text to be a double reflection and critique of the world it represents.
Canterbury Tales, Chaucer, social hierarchy, medieval estates, satire, Bakhtinian carnival, feminist criticism, representation, characterisation, literature.
ROLE OF WOMEN IN DIVAKARUNI’S ARRANGED MARRIAGE
The main aim of this paper is to explore the role of women in “Arranged Marriage”. With growing awareness about women’s subjugation and the impact of education, many literary works focus on themes such as social hierarchy, social values, dowry system, domestic violence, and women’s oppression. Several contemporary Indian writers like Anita Desai, Shashi Deshpande, and Manju Kapur, alongside Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, inspire readers to become courageous and independent women. Divakaruni’s characters stand out as they challenge societal norms and traditional beliefs. They navigate through different cultural values and belief systems, breaking away from male-dominated societies. These women are portrayed individuals who do not hesitate to seek freedom from the constraints of traditional roles. Through her novels, Divakaruni empowers women to rise above subjugation and embrace their individuality, promoting mental and physical liberation.
role, woman, marriage, societal, independence, patriarchy, identity