International Development Planning Review
International Development Planning Review is a peer-reviewed journal which provides an interdisciplinary platform for the critical study of development related practices, planning and policy in the global South. The journal publishes theoretically informed and empirically grounded papers, critical reviews, and viewpoints.
APPLICATION OF ROBOTICS IN RESTAURANTS: A COMPREHENSIVE SECONDARY LITERATURE REVIEW
In recent years, the rapid development of robotics and artificial intelligence has begun to reshape service-oriented industries, with the restaurant sector standing out as one of the most visibly affected domains within hospitality. This paper undertakes a detailed secondary review of existing academic and industry literature to explore how robotics is being applied in restaurant environments. Particular attention is given to operational efficiency, customer experience, workforce implications, and patterns of technology adoption. Drawing from peer-reviewed journal articles, industry publications, and scholarly databases published between 2020 and 2025, the study brings together dispersed insights to present a consolidated understanding of current developments. The review suggests that robotic systems contribute significantly to improvements in service speed, accuracy, and cost management, while also enabling contactless service delivery—an aspect that gained prominence during the COVID-19 period. At the same time, several constraints remain evident, including high capital investment, limited emotional intelligence of machines, and differing levels of customer acceptance across contexts. Rather than positioning robotics as a replacement for human labor, the findings consistently point toward the value of collaborative models where human employees and robotic systems operate together. By integrating and critically examining existing research, this study contributes to the academic discourse and outlines directions for future investigation, particularly in the areas of emotionally responsive robotics and culturally sensitive service design.
Robotics, Service Robots, Restaurant Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Hospitality Technology, Customer Experience, Human–Robot Interaction, Technology Acceptance Model
Ms. Jenny Maria Peter, Dr. Gazala Yasmin Ashraf
Copyright (c) 2025 International Development Planning Review
SOCIETAL DISINTEGRATION TRAPS IN TÜRKIYE UNDER THE BOP FRAMEWORK: A REGIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCOME EROSION, SOCIETAL BURNOUT, AND PATHWAYS TO STATE–SOCIETY DECOUPLING
The societal repercussions of regional reorganization efforts undertaken within the Greater Middle East Initiative (GMEI) have not been systematically examined in the academic literature. This study analyzes the "social dissolution traps" observed in Turkey within the GMEI context across three interconnected dimensions: income erosion, social burnout, and state–society disconnection, situating them within an integrated theoretical framework. The central research question asks: through what mechanisms do income erosion and social burnout feed the processes leading to state–society rupture? Drawing on a qualitative research design that integrates interpretive and comparative methods, the study employs a field survey conducted between 2023 and 2025 with 500 participants representing five distinct social groups as its primary data source. Secondary data include macroeconomic indicators from the Turkish Statistical Institute, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, and the Social Security Institution, supplemented by gold-denominated real purchasing power comparisons. Findings are interpreted through Acemoglu and Robinson's narrow corridor theory and North, Wallis, and Weingast's limited access order framework. Three principal findings emerge. First, a long-term and systemic erosion of real income measured in grams of gold is documented: the minimum wage fell from approximately 14.5 grams of gold in 2007 to 5.9 grams in 2024, while the lowest pension declined from 19.1 grams in 2003 to below 3 grams in 2021. Second, participants' negative perception of their personal economic situation intensified from −23.8% in 2023 to −56% in 2025, while negative assessments of the national economy rose from −18.4% to −75.4% over the same period. Third, social burnout indicators escalated simultaneously across all social groups, accompanied by a measurable erosion of institutional trust. These findings demonstrate that income erosion undermines psychosocial resilience, generating a self-reinforcing cycle that threatens the fragile equilibrium between state capacity and societal consent. The comparative examination of Turkey alongside other GMEI-affected regional countries contributes to explaining social dissolution dynamics at the regional level and points toward actionable policy intervention pathways while the process remains reversible.
Greater Middle East Initiative; social dissolution trap; income erosion; social burnout; state–society disconnection; narrow corridor theory; fragile state
Copyright (c) 2026 International Development Planning Review
HR ANALYTICS AND ITS JOB EFFICACY: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND PERFORMANCE
Purpose: The paper attempts to recognise the voice of hospital administrators who actively use HR analytics tools in their hospitals to determine the work efficacy of HR analytics tools by understanding their comprehension of HR analytics role, usage, and correlation with productivity and performance. Methodology: The data was collected from 28 selected hospitals regarding the role of HR analytics, usage of HR analytics, and the impact of HR analytics on productivity and performance of selected hospitals. Findings:. The study revealed that HR analysts perform the descriptive role, the diagnostic role, the prescriptive role, and the predictive role in the selected hospitals. It is used for recruitment analytics, training analytics, and workforce analytics in the selected hospitals. The role and usage of HR analytics in selected hospitals are helpful in framing policies and making informed decisions by predicting trends through data-driven activities.
HR Analytics, role, usage, productivity, and performance.
Jyoti Rahangdale, Dr. Gazala Yasmin Ashraf
PREDICTIVE MODELING OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT HEALTH USING MACHINE LEARNING–BASED MULTIVARIATE INDICATORS
Construction projects are inherently complex and prone to delays, cost overruns, safety issues, and quality deviations, making timely monitoring of project health critical for successful delivery. This study investigates the use of machine learning–based predictive modeling to assess and forecast construction project health using multivariate performance indicators. A hypothetical dataset comprising multiple project dimensions—including cost, schedule, quality, safety, resource utilization, and stakeholder coordination—was analyzed to construct a Project Health Index, categorizing projects as healthy, moderately at-risk, or critical. Various machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression, decision trees, random forest, support vector machines, gradient boosting, and artificial neural networks, were employed to predict project health. The results indicate that ensemble and nonlinear models, particularly gradient boosting, provided the highest prediction accuracy, demonstrating the complex interdependencies among performance indicators. Findings highlight the effectiveness of data-driven predictive approaches in enabling early detection of project risks, supporting proactive decision-making, and enhancing overall project performance. The study underscores the potential of integrating AI-driven predictive systems into construction project management practices for improved governance and operational resilience.
Construction project health, Predictive modeling, Machine learning, Multivariate indicators, Project performance, Early risk detection, Gradient boosting, Data-driven decision support
CLOUD BASED STRUCTURAL DESIGN SOFTWARE WITH BILT-IN AI COPILOT: A CONCEPT
The shortcomings of traditional desktop-based structural design software have been brought to light by the expanding complexity of structural systems and the increasing need for quicker, more precise, and collaborative design procedures. By facilitating scalable computation and intelligent decision assistance, recent developments in artificial intelligence and cloud computing present fresh chances to overcome these obstacles. A theoretical and conceptual framework for a cloud-based structural design program with an integrated AI copilot is presented in this paper. The suggested solution uses an AI copilot to offer real-time code compliance checks, mistake detection, design optimization suggestions, and conversational support while utilizing cloud infrastructure for high-performance structural analysis and design. System performance, design accuracy, and user productivity are assessed using a design science-based methodology backed by benchmark scenarios and simulated structural models. Significant gains in computing efficiency, less design flaws, improved adherence to design standards, and more efficient engineering workflows are all shown by the fictitious outcomes. The results show the conceptual viability and potential revolutionary influence of AI-augmented cloud platforms in promoting intelligent, cooperative, and effective structural engineering methods, even though empirical validation is outside the purview of this study.
Cloud computing, Structural design software, Artificial intelligence, AI copilot, Structural engineering, Design optimization.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Development Planning Review
THE MARITIME MANDALA: INDIA'S STRATEGY FOR POWER, PARTNERSHIP, AND SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC
This study examines India's evolving maritime strategy in the Indo-Pacific through the conceptual lens of a "maritime mandala," characterized by concentric layers of security partnerships, naval outreach, and strategic alignments shaped by regional power transitions. The research examines how India's maritime policies, grounded in the Look East/Act East frameworks and driven by China's expanding footprint, have influenced its engagement with both intermediate and extended neighbourhoods. Drawing on contemporary scholarship, official maritime doctrines, and secondary data, the study analyses India's security cooperation with Southeast Asia, East Asia, Australia, and the United States. It evaluates how these partnerships enhance India's strategic influence and secure critical sea lanes. The findings reveal that India's naval modernization, multilateral exercises, enhanced collaborative capacity building, and deepening defense diplomacy have collectively strengthened its position in the Indo-Pacific, although structural constraints and great-power conflict continue to limit its strategic autonomy. The paper concludes that India's maritime mandala offers a viable long-term approach for balancing China, expanding India's regional footprint, and contributing to an inclusive and rules-based Indo-Pacific order.
Indo-Pacific, maritime strategy, India, maritime mandala, strategic partnerships, China, naval diplomacy, security architecture.
Samriddhi Bisht, Divas Tewari, Hardesh Kumar
PRIORITIZING CONSTRAINTS IN HILL AGRICULTURE IN ALMORA, KUMAON HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND: A GARRETT RANKING ANALYSIS
Hill agriculture remains the backbone of rural livelihoods in the Kumaon Himalaya but is hampered by interconnected economic, infrastructural, technological, environmental, and market access barriers that depress productivity and incomes. This study employs a descriptive-analytical design in the Almora district (Kumaon, Uttarakhand), surveying 100 farm households to profile socio-economic characteristics and prioritize constraints using the Garrett ranking technique, a widely applied method for ordinal constraint analysis in agricultural research. Respondents are predominantly young smallholders with modest landholdings and high dependency ratios, reflecting the structural realities of mountain farming systems in the region. Across five domains, the top-ranked constraints are dependence on traditional, low-value crops (economic), poor road connectivity and inadequate input access and storage (infrastructural), reliance on traditional knowledge and limited mechanization (technological), severe soil erosion and water scarcity (environmental), and inadequate transportation facilities and middlemen dependence (marketing), consistent with wider Himalayan evidence on terrain-induced frictions and climate vulnerability. Environmental stressors, including erosive slopes, variable hydrology, and cryosphere-linked irrigation fragility, compound risk exposures and reduce resilience under climate change. Policy implications include first-mile connectivity and local aggregation with cold-chain, watershed and spring-shed programs, and hill-suitable mechanization and extension for diversification into higher-value, climate-resilient portfolios. Strengthening farmer collectives and market infrastructure can improve price discovery, reduce intermediation, and enable quality-led participation in premium value chains for hill crops.​
Hill agriculture; Kumaon Himalaya; Almora district; Garrett ranking; agricultural constraints; mountain livelihoods.
Dr. Jitendra Kumar Lohani, Manjeet Kumar, Arti Joshi and Hardesh Kumar
ROLE OF DIGITAL FINANCIAL LITERACY IN ENHANCING TRUST INFINTECH PLATFORMS: A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KERALA
The rapid growth of financial technology (FinTech) platforms has transformed the delivery of financial services by improving accessibility, efficiency, and inclusion. However, the widespread adoption of FinTech services is strongly influenced by users’ trust in digital platforms. Digital financial literacy (DFL), which combines financial knowledge with digital skills, has emerged as a critical factor in shaping users’ confidence and trust in FinTech systems. This study examines the role of digital financial literacy in enhancing trust in FinTech platforms by analyzing how users’ understanding of digital financial products, data security, and online risk management affects their trust perceptions. Drawing on technology acceptance and trust theories, the study highlights that higher levels of digital financial literacy significantly improve perceived security, transparency, and reliability of FinTech platforms, thereby strengthening user trust. The paper contributes to existing FinTech literature by positioning digital financial literacy as a key enabler of sustainable FinTech adoption and provides policy implications for regulators, financial institutions, and educators.
Digital Financial Literacy; FinTech Platforms; Trust; Financial Technology; Financial Inclusion
Ms. Sruthi P J, Lincy N L, Dr. M Shahithabanu, Dr. R Sindhuja
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) APPROACH TO IOT ADOPTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The Internet of Things (IoT) presents transformative opportunities for higher education institutions (HEIs) by enabling smart campuses, enhancing learning analytics, and improving administrative efficiency. This study develops and tests a theoretical model of IoT adoption in HEIs using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Drawing upon the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), we propose a model that includes perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, organizational readiness, infrastructure quality, top management support, security & privacy concerns, and external pressure as antecedents of behavioral intention to adopt IoT and actual adoption. Data were collected from 420 respondents (faculty, administrative staff, and IT managers) across ten universities using a structured questionnaire. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated the measurement model. The structural model indicates that organizational readiness, perceived usefulness, and security concerns are the strongest predictors of intention, while intention and infrastructure quality predict actual adoption. The model achieved acceptable fit (CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.045). Findings offer theoretical contributions by integrating TOE and UTAUT constructs in the HEI context and provide actionable recommendations for policy-makers and campus IT leaders.
IoT adoption, higher education, structural equation modeling, TOE, UTAUT, smart campus
Sunita Aadavimath, Namrata Paygude, Archana Chaudhari
BANGLADESHI DIASPORA IN INDIA: MIGRATION, ETHNICITY, AND IDENTITY FORMATION
This paper explores the historical trajectories and contemporary challenges of the Bangladeshi diaspora in India, focusing on migration, ethnicity, and identity formation. Migration intensified during the 1947 Partition and the 1971 Liberation War, driven by political upheaval, economic distress, and environmental displacement. It will also look at the process of cultural assimilation and acculturation with the Indian population especially in the states of West Bengal and Assam. While West Bengal enabled smoother integration due to cultural affinity, Assam has experienced intense conflict, where fears of demographic change and political discourses of “infiltration” have produced exclusion, xenophobia, and violence. Using diaspora theories by Safran, Brubaker, and Hall, the study emphasizes the fluid and negotiated nature of identity, shaped by the tension between self-asserted belonging and state-imposed classifications. It will also attempt to understand the formation of a collective solidarity among the Bangladeshi diaspora in India and the conflicting nature of their identities with other ethnicities such as ‘Assamese’. Despite such adversities, the diaspora sustains cultural resilience and civic participation, underscoring the need for nuanced perspectives on migration and identity in South Asia.
WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE LOW PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN ENTREPRENEURIAL INITIATIVES? INSIGHTS FROM A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION IN TAMIL NADU, INDIA.
Background: Entrepreneurial schemes have emerged as a vital resource for addressing financial needs in lower-middle-income countries. However, their impact on gender equality and equity remains inadequately understood. This study examines the reasons for the lower utilization of entrepreneurial schemes by women compared to men in a southern Indian state. It seeks to identify gender barriers across diverse social institutions that impede the policy goals of enhancing financial security and fostering a more inclusive financial ecosystem for women entrepreneurs. Methods: A qualitative examination of the Comprehensive Entrepreneurial Schemes was conducted in economically disadvantaged urban and rural areas of Tamil Nadu, a southern state in India. Women and men who had recently benefited from entrepreneurial schemes were purposively selected for interview. Transcribed interviews were subjected to content analysis using Naila Kabeer’s Social Relations Framework, with gender as the analytical lens. Results: Analysis revealed gender barriers hindering women’s access to entrepreneurial schemes at the household, community, and programmatic levels. Within households, factors such as unpaid care responsibilities, financial dependency, mobility constraints, and entrenched gender norms posed significant obstacles. At the community level, exclusion from business activities stemmed from various social inequities. Market ideologies regarding women entrepreneurs, coupled with financial constraints, limited knowledge, uneven access to support services, and social stigma. These gender-specific barriers were perpetuated by all four institutional realms: household, community, market, and state, resulting in diminished utilization of the scheme by women. Conclusions: Entrepreneurial initiatives aimed at enhancing financial security and facilitating access to finance must prioritize gender as a pivotal social determinant. A gender-blind approach to entrepreneurship schemes risks leaving existing gender barriers unaddressed and exacerbating others. This paper underscores the imperative for entrepreneurial schemes and programs to explicitly integrate gender and other social determinants to foster equitable access and outcomes.
Entrepreneurial schemes, gender equality, gender barriers, social institutions, financial inclusion, women entrepreneurs
THE EFFECT OF CHAT GPT AND GRAMMARLY ON IRANIAN INTERMEDIATE EFL STUDENTS ACADEMIC WRITING
AI-supported writing tools like ChatGPT and Grammarly have attracted attention for their potential to provide second-language (L2) writers with immediate, personalized feedback. This quasi-experimental study investigated the impact of AI-assisted writing on the academic writing performance of EFL Iranian intermediate students. There were 55 students at the beginning of the study, and after homogenization with the OPT, 47 participants were selected and divided into an experimental group (n = 24) and a control group (n = 23). The pretests/posttests in both groups were argumentative writing tasks. In the experimental group, AI provided written corrective feedback to students while they wrote. It is worth noting that traditional teacher feedback was given to the control group. The one-way ANCOVA was used to analyze data. The findings indicated that AI-supported writing positively influenced learners' academic writing, with a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group. The results indicate that AI-supported tools can be considered acceptable complements for enhancing EFL learners’ academic writing when used in concert with adequate pedagogical support.
AI-assisted writing; academic writing; Chat GPT; Grammarly; EFL learners
LANGUAGE AS A TOOL OF DECEPTION AND SELF-REVELATION IN MACBETH, OTHELLO, AND HAMLET
In the works of William Shakespeare, Macbeth, Othello, and Hamlet are considered decisive tragedies; language serves as both a deceptive tool and a means of self-disclosure. Shakespeare creates a dramatic universe of words that fosters moral comprehension, plays with perception, and reveals the depth of the psychological background of tragic heroes. This paper will examine how language works in soliloquies, dramatic irony, and rhetorical persuasion to build and escalate tragic conflict. Soliloquies are examined through close textual analysis as moments of privileged self-revelation, allowing characters like Macbeth and Hamlet to express inner conflict, moral indecision, and existential anxiety. Such personal utterances are opposed to the utterances of a public, which is often marked by a cynical hiding and control. Iago's use of rhetoric in Othello shows how dangerous it can be and how effective, when spoken in the most convincing tone, it can twist the truth and corrupt moral sense. The analysis also explores dramatic irony as a figure of speech that heightens the sense of deception by creating a gap between the characters' beliefs and the audience's knowledge of them. Shakespeare's use of rhetoric emphasises the power of language as an instrument that shapes action and forms identity. The paper argues that Shakespearean tragedies are essentially linguistic plays in which language becomes a dynamic force of tragedy, focusing on its moral ambivalence and long-lasting relevance to literary criticism.
Shakespearean Tragedy; Rhetoric and Language; Soliloquy; Dramatic Irony; Moral Ambiguity
Dr. Bharati Harishkumar Kaknani , Dr. Robert Joseph Parmar , Dr. Hinabahen Nikunjkumar Patel , Dr. Kaushik Trivedi
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF BURNOUT AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS: AN APPLIED STUDY
This study aimed to identify the psychological and social dimensions of burnout among healthcare workers, determine the levels of both psychological and social burnout, identify the most prevalent dimensions of each, and examine the nature of the relationship between them. The study was based on the importance of burnout as a professional phenomenon that is increasingly widespread in healthcare environments due to accumulated occupational, emotional, and organizational pressures. The study employed a descriptive correlational approach and was applied to a random sample of 96 healthcare workers in Riyadh, including physicians, nurses, and radiologic technologists. Data were collected using two standardized instruments: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to measure the psychological dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment), and the Survey Work–Home Interaction–Nijmegen (SWING) to measure the social dimensions of burnout. The results showed that the level of psychological burnout among healthcare workers was relatively high, as its three dimensions recorded mean scores indicating that burnout was experienced “often,” with depersonalization being the most prevalent psychological dimension. The results also showed that negative social burnout (negative interaction between work and home and between home and work) was at a noticeable level. In contrast, positive social burnout (positive interaction between work and home and between home and work) was moderate, tending toward “sometimes.” The study also revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between psychological burnout and the dimensions of negative social burnout, meaning that as levels of psychological burnout increase, the intensity of negative interaction between work and family increases. In contrast, the results showed a strong negative correlation between psychological burnout and positive social burnout dimensions, indicating that positive interaction and social support protect against burnout. The study concluded that psychological and social burnout represents a real challenge that threatens the mental health of healthcare workers and the quality of care provided. It emphasized the necessity of adopting supportive organizational and psychological strategies, including improving the work environment, strengthening social support, and achieving a balance between work and family life, to reduce the escalation of burnout.
Burnout, social dimensions, work–family interaction, and healthcare workers.
Fahd Mohammed Al Dawaian, Tariq Abdullah Al-Muqri, Ashraf Suleiman Al-Abdullatif, Mohmmed Khalid Alruways, Ibrahim Abdulaziz M. Alhosan, Motab Abdulaziz A. Binfleih, Abdalrhman Ibrahim Alsogairan, Abeer Gaed Alotaibi, Norah Dugellb Marzooq Alotaibi, Omar Saleh S. Almqni
AN SEM-BASED ANALYSIS OF PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR AND BRAND LOYALTY OF WOMEN CONSUMERS TOWARDS PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS IN CHENNAI CITY
The rapid expansion of the personal care products market has intensified competition, making consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty critical for long-term success. This study examines the structural relationships between purchasing behaviour factors and brand loyalty among women consumers of personal care products in Chennai City, with consumer satisfaction acting as a mediating variable. A descriptive research design was employed, and primary data were collected from 150 women consumers using a structured questionnaire. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS was applied to test the proposed conceptual framework. The results indicate that purchasing behaviour factors—product quality, price, brand image, availability, and promotion—significantly influence consumer satisfaction, which in turn exerts a strong positive effect on brand loyalty. The findings confirm the mediating role of consumer satisfaction and highlight its importance in transforming favourable purchasing behaviour into sustained brand loyalty. The study offers both theoretical and managerial insights for personal care product marketers operating in competitive urban markets.
Purchasing Behaviour, Brand Loyalty, Consumer Satisfaction, Women Consumers, Personal Care Products, Structural Equation Modelling, AMOS
EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT SATISFACTION AMONG NRIS IN KERALA: A QUANTITATIVE PERSPECTIVE
This study examines the investment satisfaction of Non-Resident Indians or NRIs in Kerala. NRIs send money to India and invest in different financial options. The purpose of the study is to find out how satisfied they are with these investments. It also looks at what factors influence their satisfaction. A total of 247 NRIs from Kerala participated in the survey. The questionnaire covered investment choices satisfaction level financial knowledge and risk behaviour. The results show that most NRIs feel moderately satisfied with their investments. Mutual funds received the highest satisfaction score among all options. Real estate came next while bank deposits had the lowest satisfaction level. NRIs with higher financial knowledge reported greater satisfaction. Those who were more worried about risk felt less satisfied. Emotional reasons like staying connected to Kerala also played a role in their investment decisions. Banks advisors and policymakers can use these insights to improve services. The study also suggests that improving financial awareness among NRIs will lead to better investment outcomes. Future studies can include more types of investments and compare results across different Indian states.
EMOTIONAL SILENCE AND FATAL MISCOMMUNICATION IN THE FICTION OF THOMAS HARDY
The paper explores how widely the concept of emotional silence and miscommunication has played out in Thomas Hardy fiction, and how communicative failure is not just a plot device but a structuring principle used in the tragic inevitability. It can be argued based on affect theory, discourse studies, and narrative ethics that silence in Hardy is not the lack of meaning but coded emotional language influenced by Victorian moral conventions, hierarchy of classes, and gender expectations. The paper shows through close textual examination of Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Jude the Obscure, Far from the Madding Crowd, and The Return of the Native, how suppressed emotions, withheld revelations, and suppressed intentions are all used in a systematic way to corrupt human understanding and deny any chance of reconciliation. The characters of Hardy are recurrently presented as living in emotional states that cannot be expressed in words, creating a communicational difference in which personal misery cannot be socialized and is unknown to others. The article also claims that they are not isolated failure of expression but inherent in larger cultural systems that value restraint, moral judgment, and patriarchal power, especially the suppression of female subjectivity. The paper addresses deterministic readings of Hardy through foregrounding silence as a force of silence by posing tragedy as the culmination of interpretive collapse the breakdown of meaning not only through fate but also through the ongoing failure to express emotional truth. Finally, this study makes contributions to the Hardy research through the sensemaking of emotional reticence and miscommunication in the central cause of narrative meaning and tapping into modern scholarship arguments in affect research and literary ethics. According to the findings, Hardy fiction provides a very deep account of a fictional critique of Victorian communicative conventions and discloses that socially imposed silence alters the internal emotion to a social disaster.
Thomas Hardy; emotional silence; miscommunication; affect theory; narrative ethics; Victorian fiction; gender and silence; tragic determinism; discourse and power; interpretive failure.
ALWAYS-CONNECTED IOT: OPTIMISING BANDWIDTH AND COST FOR DATA STREAMING OVER CELLULAR NETWORKS
The current paper researches the maximisation of bandwidth and costs in constantly connected Internet of Things (IoT) systems, which are based on constant data transfer over cellular networks, where constant connectivity creates a great problem in relation to spectral efficiency, operation costs, and device maintenance. The main idea is to critically review the current strategies, which are adaptive bitrate encoding, SDN-based dynamic bandwidth allocation, geo-distributed streaming analytics, and energy-aware hybrid networking, and to synthesise the contributions with each other into a framework of scalable IoT rollout. The study methodologically uses secondary data based on peer-reviewed technical literature and proceeds to perform thematic analysis in order to find out the repetitive technical patterns, trade-offs and interdependencies between the cross layers. The strategy helps to synthesise the empirical results rigorously without repeating experimental designs, which is a methodological efficiency and conceptual richness. Findings indicate that adaptive bitrate encoding offers better spectral allocation and Quality of Experience, though hardware support is needed to reduce computational overhead. SDN-enabled allocation offers programmable traffic control and QoS implementation, but controller scaling is a bottleneck. Geo-distributed analytics incurs less cost in inter-datacenter transfers, whereas WAN pricing limits efficiency. Together, the results highlight the fact that the sustainable deployment of IoT requires combined orchestration of codecs, programmable control planes, distributed analytics, and interface-aware scheduling, and balancing the latency, cost, energy and scalability of cellular IoT ecosystems.
IoT, Bandwidth, Cost, Streaming, Cellular, Optimisation, SDN, Analytics, Hybrid, Encoding
Copyright (c) 2022 International Development Planning Review
AN AI DRIVEN MULTI CLOUD FINOPS FRAMEWORK FOR REAL- TIME COST GOVERNANCE AND ANAMOLY DETECTION
The purpose of the study was to introduce and test an AI-based multi-cloud FinOps system that could allow managing costs in real-time and measuring anomalies in heterogeneous cloud-based settings. With the growth in the adoption of multi-clouds, organizations were faced with issues concerning financial visibility, cost optimization, and the ability to detect abnormal spending patterns in a timely manner. To combat these challenges, the study combined machine learning, automated governance policies, and single intelligent cost analytics into one system. The study utilized a mixed-method approach by analysing historical data on cloud billing, expert interviews, and experimental simulations in the AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud settings. The findings revealed very high accuracy in anomaly detection, low reach-to-detect latency and substantial decrease in unnecessary cloud spending. The framework was also proven effective by expert feedback to enhance cost visibility, compliance, and operational decision-making. Generally, the research paper has shown that AI-assisted FinOps systems were a scalable and efficient tool to handle the financial complexities in multi-cloud environments that led to predictive and autonomous cloud financial operations.
FinOps, Multi-Cloud, Artificial Intelligence, Anomaly Detection, Cost Governance, Cloud Optimization, Machine Learning, Real-Time Monitoring.
DIGITAL TWIN ARCHITECTURE FOR CONTACT CENTERS: MULTI-TENANT HYPERGRAPH DATABASE DESIGN FOR ENTITY EXTRACTION FROM VOICE TRANSCRIPTS
A novel Digital Twin architecture based on multi-tenant HyperGraph technology is presented for transforming unstructured voice transcripts into structured, actionable knowledge representations within modern contact center environments. The proposed system integrates real-time voice capture, a multi-stage NLP-based entity extraction pipeline, and hypergraph construction to model complex multi-party interactions among customers, agents, products, and organizational issues. The architecture establishes strict data isolation guarantees, secure multi-tenant request processing, and efficient query performance through tenant-aware hypergraph partitioning with integrated temporal metadata. The experimental assessment on 12 months of data of production scale contact centers demonstrates high-accuracy entity extraction across diverse entity types, near-real-time graph construction throughput (850 interactions/second), and sub-100ms query response latency to queries which support operational and analytical work. Experimental validation demonstrates significant business impact: agent training time reduced by 40%, previously undetected product defects identified (23 instances), and quantifiable financial benefits (94% ROI in year one). Altogether, the research validates the presence of scalable, secure, and successful Digital Twin simulations with hypergraph-based analytics in those contexts and circumstances that allow achieving improved operational efficiencies, knowledge management, and real-time decision-making in a multi-tenant contact center setup.
Digital Twin, Multi-Tenant HyperGraph, Contact Center Analytics, Entity Extraction, Voice Transcript Processing, Knowledge Graph.
AUTOMATED PERFORMANCE BASELINES IN DOCKERIZED ENVIRONMENTS AND GITOPS PRINCIPLES
The fast use of containerization and GitOps in cloud-native environments means that there has to be strong ways to make sure that applications work the same way throughout continuous deployments. This research suggests a theoretical framework for automated performance baselines in Dockerized systems, incorporating GitOps principles to proactively identify deviations and regressions. We kept an eye on performance indicators including response time, CPU usage, memory usage, and container startup latency during several simulated deployment cycles. The results show that automated baselining, along with GitOps-driven validation and rollback procedures, can find performance problems, keep the system stable, and support performance governance that can be repeated and scaled. This method shows that it is possible to make modern DevOps workflows more reliable and consistent in how they work.
Automated Performance Baselines, Docker, GitOps, Containerized Environments, Continuous Deployment, Performance Monitoring, Regression Detection, Cloud-Native Systems.
NURSES PROTECT PATIENTS' LEGAL RIGHTS AT NURSING CLINICS
Background: Nurses are vital to patient rights. Not only do nurses provide clinical services. They must also comprehend patient rights and their legal and ethical implications. Due to new legislation and a complex health system, nurses need legal expertise. This helps them perform professionally and protect patients. Purpose: This study examines nurses' involvement in patient rights protection, identifies practical challenges, and suggests managerial assistance and legal training to improve patient legal protection. Methods: Nurses' views on patient legal protection were examined using a descriptive qualitative constructivist approach. Ten participants from three East Java clinics were chosen. Selected themes were identified using inductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and verbatim transcriptions. Results: This study focused on nurses' legal protection, ethical knowledge, and implementation issues. This systematic classification and categorizing topics show how Indonesian nurses utilize legal and ethical concepts in clinical practice. Conclusion: Nurses advocate for patient rights, but workload and management support are issues. Legal training and policies are needed to protect nursing clinic patients.
clinical nursing practice, legal protection, nursing advocacy, patient rights
Alqhtani Shoruq Salem m, Fawaz Ibraheem Otaif, Ahmed Ali Al qahtani, Abdulrahim Mohammed Harthi, Lamees Mohammed Alwan, Ali naser mesfer alalhareth, Mohammed hadi mane algrad, Ali Hamad Al Sharyah, Mohammed naser mesfer alalhareth, Ahoud Ali hassen alamri, Samar Ali Hassen Alamri, Bander Saleh Alhaqbani, Naif Faisal R Alotaibi, Saif Saleh Alsaif, Abdulrahman Ali Alshahrani
STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: DECONSTRUCTING GENDER STEREOTYPES
Structural violence represents a pervasive yet often invisible form of harm embedded within socio-political, cultural, and economic institutions. Women across the world, particularly in patriarchal societies like India, disproportionately bear the brunt of such systemic inequalities. This paper examines the concept of structural violence through Johan Galtung’s theoretical framework and explores how deeply entrenched patriarchal systems perpetuate discrimination, subordination, and gender-based violence against women. Drawing upon secondary data, including global surveys, government statistics, and contemporary research, the study highlights the multilayered nature of structural violence—manifested through gender stereotypes, unequal power relations, workplace harassment, domestic violence, and socio-legal exclusion. The paper further discusses India’s specific context, analysing demographic imbalances, legal reforms, and institutional shortcomings. It concludes with policy recommendations aimed at fostering gender-just social structures through education, legal implementation, attitudinal reform, and holistic empowerment.
Structural violence, patriarchy, gender stereotypes, women’s rights, India, workplace harassment, gender-based violence.
AWARENESS OF SAUDI POPULATION ABOUT PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF THALASSEMIA AND SICKLE CELL ANEMIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Background: Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are prevalent genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia, necessitating public awareness for effective preventive measures. This study aims to assess the awareness levels about these conditions among the Saudi population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 307 Saudi residents, utilizing a stratified random sampling technique to ensure diverse representation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered via face-to-face interviews and electronic surveys. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to evaluate awareness levels and their associations with sociodemographic factors. Results: The mean age of participants was 36.8 ± 13.35 years, with a median age of 38 years, ranging from 14 to 70 years. Females constituted 75.9% of the participants. The majority were educated at school (28.3%) or university level (70.7%), and over half were married (57%). Most participants had a good monthly income (68.1%). Awareness of sickle cell disease was good among 42% of participants, significantly influenced by age (P=0.019), educational level (P<0.001), and income (P=0.010). Gender differences were observed, with females showing higher awareness than males, though not statistically significant (P=0.064). Awareness of thalassemia was good among 58% of participants, with significant associations with gender (P=0.001), age (P=0.003), marital status (P=0.012), educational level (P<0.001), and income (P=0.016). Females demonstrated significantly higher awareness compared to males. Conclusion: The study revealed that awareness about thalassemia is higher than that of sickle cell disease among the Saudi population. Key determinants of awareness included gender, age, education, marital status, and income level. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational programs, particularly aimed at less educated and lower-income groups, to enhance public awareness and preventive practices for these genetic disorders.
Mona Serag Omer Sahahiri, Areej Ibrahim Turkustani
LEVERAGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS TO ENHANCE ACCURACY IN PROJECT CONTROLS
This study looked into how to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Predictive Analytics to make project controls more accurate. It was sometimes hard for traditional project management methods to predict cost overruns, schedule delays, and risk exposures. The study used previous project data and machine learning methods like Lasso Regression and XGBoost to create predictive models that made forecasts far more accurate and helped find risks early on. Standard performance criteria were used to check the models, and they showed that the accuracy of cost and schedule predictions improved by more than 18% and 25%, respectively. Also, clustering algorithms made it easier to group risks into categories, which made it possible to come up with proactive ways to reduce them. Project managers' feedback verified that the solution was useful and easy to use. The results imply that adding AI-based prediction tools to project controls can greatly improve decision-making, lower uncertainties, and improve project delivery outcomes in all fields. This study helps to close the gap between traditional project management and new AI technologies. It calls for these technologies to be used more widely in complicated project settings.
Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Analytics, Project Controls, Machine Learning, Cost Forecasting, Schedule Forecasting.
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PREMARITAL SCREENING AND RELATED GENETIC DISORDERS PROBABILITIES IN COUPLES PLANNING FOR MARRIAGE
It is well recognized that genetic illnesses are challenging and unavoidable. Mutations and alterations in genetic characteristics that are inherited from one or both genes from one parent to the other cause the disease. Both dominant and recessive genes that transmit features or diseases can be found on the autosomal or sex chromosomes X or Y. Premarital female respondents who met specific inclusion criteria participated in this study. Data was gathered using a Google Form survey. 110 people in all with various genetic counseling characteristics. According to the results, every respondent was aware that some illnesses could run in families. Nonetheless, it was shown that none of the respondents knew much about premarital screening and genetic counseling. Only 17% of respondents were aware of the prospective partner's and their family's medical history, according to the respondent data. In this instance, it can be concluded that the respondents may have a sick gene, meaning that there is a 50% chance that their child would have the same gene. It may be anticipated that screening may enable the couple to identify any potential ailments that they may subsequently pass on to their children. As of right now, 26% said they disagreed and declared they will stick with the marriage plan, while 48% decided to cancel. The public has to be educated about premarital screening in order to enhance their awareness of the risk of genetic abnormalities.
Abdulrahman Qalil Badi Alanazi*, Abdullataif Aaiedh Alhajlah, Emad Ayiedh Almutairi, Atyaf Yahya Moafa, Reham Mohammed Qurtily, Hanan Abdullah Al-Battah, Mohammed Mazyad Abutaleb Qaysi, Abdullah Mutlaq N Alharbi, Ibrahim Saud M Aloufi, Luluh Mohammed Alrusayyis, Nasser Ali Al abdullah
STRATEGIC MARKETING–MANAGEMENT SYNERGY: DEVELOPING A UNIFIED PLANNING SYSTEM FOR COMPETITIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
This paper looks at how close cooperation between marketing and management supports integrated planning in tough market conditions. Specifically, it checks how tighter links across teams boost goal clarity, help departments work together better, while increasing adaptability within firms. Also considered is whether high rivalry affects how well coordinated strategies function. Through mixed methods - combining theory review with limited initial testing - it measures if joint planning lifts company results or when strong competition makes this impact stronger. The results show a close link between effective marketing-management teamwork and better strategy focus, especially when structured planning tools are used - yet alignment doesn't happen automatically. Still, barriers within organisations can block consistent joint planning efforts, even with support systems in place.
Strategic synergy, Unified planning system, Marketing–management alignment, Competitive environments, Organisational responsiveness, Integrated decision-making.
Music has always been our essential part of human culture and it is a method of creation and analysis has grown around the advanced computation capabilities. AI is using variety of ways for creating and production of music composition. AI helps to analyze & synthesize music content or sound signals which are vast multidisciplinary topic. Auto signals are very helpful in extracting musical information. AI is very helpful in development of musical sound contents. AI has brought significant change to our traditional music.
Music, Artificial Intelligence, Auto signals
A HOLISTIC PLANNING APPROACH FOR ENHANCING MARKETING EFFECTIVENESS AND MANAGERIAL PRODUCTIVITY IN DATA-DRIVEN ENTERPRISES
The research paper audits the impact of holistic plan on retailing effectiveness and managerial productivity in data-driven enterprises. The study explores how coordinated plan processes can support improved decision-making, enhance cross-functional alignment, and strengthen cogent practices within digitally oriented organizations. It also determines the act of a data-driven culture in carving these outcomes. Using a quantitative audit approach, the paper calculates the extent to which. Blend plan contributes to performance improvements and whether cultural support augments these effects. The findings show that holistic plan, when combined with a strong data-driven culture, leads to better retailing outcomes and greater managerial efficiency. Originally, the study also highlights several organizational challenges that must be addressed to implement blend plan effectively.
Holistic Planning, Marketing Effectiveness, Managerial Productivity, Data-Driven Culture, Data-Driven Enterprises, Digital Transformation.
LEADER’S WELL-BEING A NARRATIVE REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Leaders are central to organizational direction, performance, and resilience, yet their well-being remains underexplored and conceptually fragmented. This review consolidates research published between 2015 and 2025 in SCOPUS-listed journals to clarify the characteristics of leader well-being. The review finds that leaders’ well-being is multidimensional, encompassing affective, cognitive, social, professional, and psychosomatic domains that are often studied in isolation, leading to theoretical fragmentation. Addressing these gaps can help academicians develop integrated models of leadership psychological and physical health and guide organizations in designing interventions that enhance resilience, performance, and sustainable leadership pipelines.
Narrative literature review, leader, well-being, happiness at work
Shivani Peer¹ Dr. Harold Andrew Patrick²* Dr. Ujjal Mukherjee³*