Optimizing Cellular Network Performance: A Link Budget Analysis for Enhanced Coverage andCapacity in LTE and 5G

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of mobile devices and the burgeoning demand for high-speed data
services have driven the continuous evolution of wireless communication technologies. Long
Term Evolution (LTE) and Fifth Generation (5G) networks have emerged as transformative
milestones in this journey, offering significant enhancements in terms of data rates, latency, and
connectivity. 5G is the buildup broadband wireless access (BWA) technology that former get the
GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSxPA technologies. LTE is prospective sponsor 3GPP’s contestant edge
over other cellular technologies. The calibration process of LTE is almost at its end. This research
paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Radio Frequency (RF) link budgets for LTE and 5G
networks with a primary focus on their coverage and capacity capabilities. Through theoretical
models, simulations, and practical insights, this study aims to shed light on the fundamental
factors that determine the coverage and capacity of these advanced wireless systems. The
analysis includes detailed assessments of the radio frequency link budgets, considering factors
such as path-loss (PL), shadowing, and fading, to provide a holistic view of the coverage and
capacity characteristics of LTE and 5G networks. Additionally, the study explores the impact of
antenna configurations, cell sizes, and other network parameters on coverage and capacity,
providing valuable insights for network planning and optimization.

Keywords: LTE, 5G, Radio network planning, Urban and suburban environments, Antenna
technologies