DESIGNING INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN DELHI: PATTERNS, CHALLENGES, AND POLICY REFLECTIONS

Abstract

Delhi, the capital of India, is witnessing rapid urbanization accompanied by critical transportation challenges that threaten its social inclusivity, economic productivity, and environmental sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of Delhi’s urban transport system by examining its major components, infrastructure, travel patterns, and policy framework. It evaluates both private and public transportation systems, including the Delhi Metro, Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), feeder services, non-motorized transport, and emerging mobility trends such as electric vehicles. The study critically assesses structural inefficiencies like poor multimodal connectivity, institutional fragmentation, growing private vehicle dependence, and limited access to safe and affordable transport for marginalized groups, particularly women and low-income communities. Despite the existence of ambitious policies such as the Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy and the National Urban Transport Policy, implementation challenges persist due to overlapping institutional responsibilities, data gaps, and inadequate stakeholder engagement. The analysis emphasizes the importance of aligning local transport planning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Ultimately, this review lays the groundwork for designing a sustainable, inclusive, and data-driven transportation framework tailored to Delhi’s unique urban context.