DENTAL TRAUMA: AN OVERVIEW

Abstract

Dental trauma is a significant public health concern that affects individuals of all ages, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) can range from minor enamel fractures to severe luxation or avulsion injuries, leading to complex clinical challenges. This article provides a comprehensive overview of dental trauma, including its epidemiology, classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and long-term complications. The global prevalence of TDIs underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and evidence-based management to prevent adverse outcomes, such as pulp necrosis, root resorption, and tooth loss. Advances in diagnostic tools, such as pulp vitality testing and radiographic imaging, have improved the accuracy of injury assessment. Management strategies vary depending on the type and severity of trauma, with luxation and avulsion injuries requiring meticulous care to ensure the preservation of periodontal ligament viability and pulp health. Preventive measures, including the use of mouthguards and public education, play a critical role in reducing the incidence of dental trauma. Furthermore, the psychosocial impact of untreated or poorly managed dental injuries highlights the importance of early intervention and patient counseling. This review synthesizes current evidence and guidelines, providing a valuable resource for clinicians while emphasizing the need for ongoing research to optimize patient outcomes.