AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT INFLUENZA SEASONAL VACCINE AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN KSA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Seasonal influenza is a significant public health concern, with healthcare workers (HCWs) playing a crucial role in both prevention and control. In Saudi Arabia (KSA), annual influenza vaccination campaigns target HCWs due to their high exposure to the virus. Despite these efforts, vaccine uptake among HCWs remains suboptimal, often due to gaps in awareness and knowledge. This systematic review aimed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge regarding the seasonal influenza vaccine among HCWs in KSA and identify factors influencing vaccination uptake.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, for studies published up to the present. Cross-sectional, cohort, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies focusing on the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards the influenza vaccine among HCWs in KSA were included. After screening 182 studies, 12 studies were selected based on inclusion criteria and were reviewed for relevant data.

Results: The review found significant variability in the awareness and knowledge about the seasonal influenza vaccine among HCWs in KSA. Knowledge levels ranged from 37.1% to 89.6%, with the highest knowledge reported in studies focused on healthcare settings with structured educational interventions. Positive attitudes toward vaccination were generally high (up to 89%), yet vaccine uptake remained low in many studies, with vaccination rates varying from 20.8% to 88.3%. Barriers identified included misconceptions about vaccine efficacy, safety concerns, and low-risk perceptions, while facilitators included mandatory vaccination policies and targeted awareness programs.

Conclusion: Despite positive attitudes toward vaccination, HCWs in KSA exhibit substantial gaps in knowledge about the seasonal influenza vaccine, and vaccine uptake remains below optimal levels. Targeted educational campaigns and addressing misconceptions about vaccine safety and efficacy are essential to improving vaccination rates. Interventions