EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON ENDOCRINE AND LIPID DISTURBANCES IN KSA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Objective: This research aims to determine the Effects of Smoking on Endocrine and Lipid Disturbances in KSA

Methods: This study will employ a cross-sectional design to assess the effects of smoking on endocrine function and lipid disturbances among adults in Saudi Arabia. The design is appropriate for exploring associations between smoking habits and metabolic outcomes at a single point, allowing for examining hormonal and lipid profile abnormalities.

Results: The study included 560 participants. The most frequent gender among them was male (n= 363, 64.82%) and female (n= 197, 35,17%).  The most frequent age among study participants was 31-35 years (n= 210, 37.5%) followed by 25-30 years (n= 176, 31.4%), then 36-40 years (n=109, 19.5%), 40 and more (n=45, 8%) and less than 25 (n=20, 3.6%). The most frequent Marital status among study participants was single (n= 320, 57.1%), followed by married (n= 122, 21.8%), then divorced (n=88, 15.7%), and widow (n=30, 5.4%).  Nationality among study participants, with most being Saudi (n=513, 91.6%) and non-Saudi (n=47, 8.4%). %).  Participants were asked if they smoked. There were participants Non-smokers (n= 319, 56.9%), followed by current smokers (n=192, 34.28%) and Ex-smokers (n=49, 8.7%).

Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of smoking on endocrine function and lipid profiles among adults in Saudi Arabia. The findings suggest that smokers are more prone to lipid imbalances and endocrine disturbances, which are critical risk factors for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The data underline the importance of targeted public health interventions to address smoking-related health risks and encourage cessation programs to mitigate these adverse effects.