REPRODUCTIVE DYSFUNCTION AMONG DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN KSA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Reproductive dysfunction is a significant concern for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), with both male and female patients experiencing issues such as sexual dysfunction, menstrual irregularities, infertility, and hormonal imbalances. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the growing prevalence of diabetes necessitates a closer examination of its impact on reproductive health. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the prevalence of reproductive dysfunction among diabetic patients in KSA, focusing on underlying causes such as hormonal, metabolic, and psychological factors.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published in English or Arabic. Observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies) and clinical trials reporting on reproductive dysfunction in diabetic patients in KSA were included. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Data extracted from the studies included the type of reproductive dysfunction, sample size, participant demographics, and associated factors such as psychological, hormonal, and metabolic factors.

Results: A total of 12 studies, including over 1,500 diabetic patients, met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of reproductive dysfunction in this population varied, with sexual dysfunction reported in 45-60% of male patients and menstrual irregularities in 30-40% of female patients. Infertility was observed in 15-25% of the diabetic population, with associations found between reproductive dysfunction and factors such as poor glycemic control, obesity, and psychological stress. Psychological factors, including depression and anxiety, were significantly linked to reproductive health challenges in both male and female patients.

Conclusion: This review underscores the high prevalence of reproductive dysfunction among diabetic patients in KSA. The findings highlight the need for integrated management strategies addressing both the metabolic and psychological factors contributing to reproductive health issues in this population. Interventions targeting improved glycemic control and psychological support could potentially mitigate the reproductive challenges faced by diabetic individuals in KSA.