AWARENESS OF SAUDI POPULATION ABOUT PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF THALASSEMIA AND SICKLE CELL ANEMIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Thalassemia and sickle cell anemia are prevalent genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia, necessitating public awareness for effective preventive measures. This study aims to assess the awareness levels about these conditions among the Saudi population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 307 Saudi residents, utilizing a stratified random sampling technique to ensure diverse representation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered via face-to-face interviews and electronic surveys. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to evaluate awareness levels and their associations with sociodemographic factors.

Results: The mean age of participants was 36.8 ± 13.35 years, with a median age of 38 years, ranging from 14 to 70 years. Females constituted 75.9% of the participants. The majority were educated at school (28.3%) or university level (70.7%), and over half were married (57%). Most participants had a good monthly income (68.1%). Awareness of sickle cell disease was good among 42% of participants, significantly influenced by age (P=0.019), educational level (P<0.001), and income (P=0.010). Gender differences were observed, with females showing higher awareness than males, though not statistically significant (P=0.064). Awareness of thalassemia was good among 58% of participants, with significant associations with gender (P=0.001), age (P=0.003), marital status (P=0.012), educational level (P<0.001), and income (P=0.016). Females demonstrated significantly higher awareness compared to males.

Conclusion: The study revealed that awareness about thalassemia is higher than that of sickle cell disease among the Saudi population. Key determinants of awareness included gender, age, education, marital status, and income level. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational programs, particularly aimed at less educated and lower-income groups, to enhance public awareness and preventive practices for these genetic disorders.